低境界風速条件における空間分煙効果に関する研究: 第1報-「冷房期における人の動作がたばこ煙の動的挙動に及ぼす影響

摘要

室内における非喫煙者の受動喫煙が問題視されており，それを防止するための分煙対策がとられている。喫煙空間と非喫煙空間の境界領域において，厚生労働省のガイドラインは，喫煙室等に向かう風速（境界風速）を0.2m/s以上に保つように定めている。本研究では飲食店を想定し，排気量が制御可能な喫煙空間および非喫煙空間からなる試験室において，店員を模したサーマルマネキンが扉の設置されていない両空間の境界面を通過する場合に，冷房期において境界風速が環境たばこ煙（ETS）の動的挙動に及ぼす影響について検証した。その結果，喫煙空間側ACの吹出口の調整や排気口位置の最適化，境界面への電子エアカーテンの設置を行うことで，境界風速0.2m/s未満の低境界風速条件においても一定の分煙効果が得られることが示された。%Recently, passive smoking by non-smokers has become an issue of concern in indoor environments. Various measures for the isolation of smoking areas have been taken. In particular, the regulation that the interfacial air velocity between smoking and non-smoking zones should be over 0.2 m/s is imposed in the guideline relevant to smoking in workplaces. This study was aimed at investigating the influence of the interfacial air velocity on dynamic behaviors of environmental tobacco smoke in a test room consisting of smoking and non-smoking zones with a controllable ventilation system and a thermal manikin crossing over between these zones. As a result, it was found that appropriate measures for air flow control, suchrnas the closure of the air-conditioner louver on the side of the non-smoking zone, optimization of the exhaust position in the smoking zone, and installation of an electronic air curtain at the interface between the zones can isolate environmental tobacco smoke in the smoking zone from people in the non-smoking zone, despite the interfacial velocity being lowered to less than 0.2 m/s. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviors of smoke were investigated by a CFD simulation. The data obtained by the numerical analysis help provide an explanation of the results obtained by the experiments.