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Bringing Visualization to the x86 Architecture with the Original VMware Workstation

机译:使用原始的VMware Workstation将可视化带入x86架构

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This article describes the historical context, technical challenges, and main implementation techniques used by VMware Workstation to bring virtualization to the x86 architecture in 1999. Although virtual machine monitors (VMMs) had been around for decades, they were traditionally designed as part of monolithic, single-vendor architectures with explicit support for virtualization. In contrast, the x86 architecture lacked virtualization support, and the industry around it had disaggregated into an ecosystem, with different vendors controlling the computers, CPUs, peripherals, operating systems, and applications, none of them asking for virtualization. We chose to build our solution independently of these vendors. As a result, VMware Workstation had to deal with new challenges associated with (i) the lack of virtualization support in the x86 architecture, (ii) the daunting complexity of the architecture itself, (iii) the need to support a broad combination of peripherals, and (iv) the need to offer a simple user experience within existing environments. These new challenges led us to a novel combination of well-known virtualization techniques, techniques from other domains, and new techniques. VMware Workstation combined a hosted architecture with a VMM. The hosted architecture enabled a simple user experience and offered broad hardware compatibility. Rather than exposing I/O diversity to the virtual machines, VMware Workstation also relied on software emulation of I/O devices. The VMM combined a trap-and-emulate direct execution engine with a system-level dynamic binary translator to efficiently virtualize the x86 architecture and support most commodity operating systems. By relying on x86 hardware segmentation as a protection mechanism, the binary translator could execute translated code at near hardware speeds. The binary translator also relied on partial evaluation and adaptive retranslation to reduce the overall overheads of virtualization. Written with the benefit of hindsight, this article shares the key lessons we learned from building the original system and from its later evolution.
机译:本文介绍了VMware Workstation在1999年将虚拟化技术引入x86架构时所使用的历史背景,技术挑战和主要实施技术。尽管虚拟机监视器(VMM)已有数十年的历史,但传统上它们是作为整体组件设计的,具有明确支持虚拟化的单供应商体系结构。相比之下,x86架构缺乏虚拟化支持,其周围的行业已分解为一个生态系统,由不同的供应商控制计算机,CPU,外围设备,操作系统和应用程序,他们都不要求虚拟化。我们选择独立于这些供应商来构建我们的解决方案。结果,VMware Workstation必须应对以下新挑战:(i)x86架构缺乏虚拟化支持;(ii)架构本身的艰巨复杂性;(iii)支持广泛的外围设备组合的需求,以及(iv)需要在现有环境中提供简单的用户体验。这些新挑战使我们将著名的虚拟化技术,其他领域的技术和新技术进行了新颖的结合。 VMware Workstation将托管架构与VMM相结合。托管体系结构实现了简单的用户体验,并提供了广泛的硬件兼容性。除了将I / O多样性暴露给虚拟机之外,VMware Workstation还依赖于I / O设备的软件仿真。 VMM将陷阱和仿真直接执行引擎与系统级动态二进制转换器结合在一起,以有效地虚拟化x86架构并支持大多数商用操作系统。通过依靠x86硬件分段作为一种保护机制,二进制翻译器可以以接近硬件的速度执行翻译后的代码。二进制翻译器还依靠部分评估和自适应重新翻译来减少虚拟化的总体开销。本文是事后分析的成果,它分享了我们从构建原始系统以及从其后来的发展中学到的主要经验教训。

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