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ISA Wars: Understanding the Relevance of ISA being RISC or CISC to Performance, Power, and Energy on Modern Architectures

机译:ISA大战:了解ISA作为RISC或CISC与现代建筑上的性能,功率和能源的相关性

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RISC versus CISC wars raged in the 1980s when chip area and processor design complexity were the primary constraints and desktops and servers exclusively dominated the computing landscape. Today, energy and power are the primary design constraints and the computing landscape is significantly different: Growth in tablets and smartphones running ARM (a RISC ISA) is surpassing that of desktops and laptops running x86 (a CISC ISA). Furthermore, the traditionally low-power ARM ISA is entering the high-performance server market, while the traditionally high-performance x86 ISA is entering the mobile low-power device market. Thus, the question of whether ISA plays an intrinsic role in performance or energy efficiency is becoming important again, and we seek to answer this question through a detailed measurement-based study on real hardware running real applications. We analyze measurements on seven platforms spanning three ISAs (MIPS, ARM, and x86) over workloads spanning mobile, desktop, and server computing. Our methodical investigation demonstrates the role of ISA in modern microprocessors' performance and energy efficiency. We find that ARM, MIPS, and x86 processors are simply engineering design points optimized for different levels of performance, and there is nothing fundamentally more energy efficient in one ISA class or the other. The ISA being RISC or CISC seems irrelevant.
机译:RISC与CISC的战争在1980年代激化,当时芯片面积和处理器设计复杂性是主要限制因素,而台式机和服务器则独占计算领域。如今,能源和功率已成为主要的设计约束,计算领域也大不相同:运行ARM(RISC ISA)的平板电脑和智能手机的增长已超过运行x86(CISC ISA)的台式机和笔记本电脑的增长。此外,传统的低功耗ARM ISA进入了高性能服务器市场,而传统的高性能x86 ISA则进入了移动低功耗设备市场。因此,ISA是在性能还是能效上起着内在作用的问题再次变得越来越重要,我们试图通过对基于运行实际应用程序的真实硬件进行基于测量的详细研究来回答这个问题。我们分析了跨越三个ISA(MIPS,ARM和x86)的七个平台对跨移动,台式机和服务器计算的工作负载的度量。我们的方法研究证明了ISA在现代微处理器的性能和能效中的作用。我们发现ARM,MIPS和x86处理器只是针对不同性能水平而优化的工程设计点,在一种ISA类或另一种ISA类中,根本没有更高的能源效率。 ISA是RISC还是CISC似乎无关紧要。

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