Upgraded bidirectional approach video-assisted neck surgery (BAVANS) using a rigid endoscope with variable viewing direction for advanced endoscopic lymph node dissection in thyroid cancer patients

摘要

Precordial approach. With the transaxillary or precordial approach, the clavicle or sternum obstructs lymph node dissection in the area just behind the sternal notch or clavicle, shown here as yellow nodes. Craniocaudal approach. Under the submandibular craniocaudal approach, access to the middle and lower paratracheal lymph nodes is simple. Bidirectional approach. Complete lymph node dissection can be achieved easily with this combined approach. Lymph node dissection of the right side via the craniocaudal approach. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is clearly identified. recurrent laryngeal nerve; brachiocephalic artery