The role of macrophage reprogramming induced by GRA15II a polypeptide effector molecule of Toxoplasma gondii in liver diseases in model mice

摘要

GRA15II, a polypeptide effector molecule of T. gondii, binds TRAF6 to upregulate NF-κB signaling in macrophages and inhibits the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. a Treatment with GRA15II resulted in reprogramming of M2-like TAMs to the M1-like phenotype in nude mice. b Volcano plot indicating the genes that were differentially expressed (red, upregulated genes; green, downregulated genes in the GRA15 injection group relative to the vector group) in a microarray analysis of tumor samples from GRA15II and vector group mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis data showing the potential upstream regulators of the DEGs. c Coimmunoprecipitation of LV-gra15II- Mφ with proteins of the TNFR1, IL-1R, and TLR4 receptor complexes. Bound proteins were eluted and separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by western blotting using an anti-FLAG antibody and specific monoclonal antibodies against MyD88, IRAK1, TRAF6, and RIP1. GAPDH served as a control. For all statistical results, the data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; n.s. not significant; one-way ANOVA or two-tailed Student’s t test