Cross-sectional imaging of acute gynaecologic disorders: CT and MRI findings with differential diagnosis—part I: corpus luteum and haemorrhagic ovarian cysts genital causes of haemoperitoneum and adnexal torsion

摘要

State-of-the-art MRI protocol for comprehensive study of the female pelvis. Synoptic table summarizes the pulse sequence parameters. If not contraindicated, preliminary intramuscular or intravenous administration of an antispasmodic agent (e.g. N-butyl-scopolamine) may be performed. Axial T2-weighted SSFSE sequence is used as a second localiser. Sagittal T2-weighted FRFSE sequence is planned parallel to the long axis of the uterus, identified on the axial T2-weighted SSFSE sequence. Oblique-coronal and oblique-axial T2-weighted FRFSE sequences are planned parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the uterus, respectively. Sagittal, oblique-coronal and oblique-axial T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo liver acquisition with volume acceleration (LAVA) sequences with fat suppression are obtained before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent (0.1 mmol/kg, followed by 20 ml of saline solution, both at a 2 ml/s flow rate); in particular, the sagittal sequence is acquired at 60 and 120 s after contrast media administration. If needed, an additional urographic phase T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo LAVA sequence may be obtained in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes approximately 10 min after contrast administration. T2-weighted FRFSE, T2* and DW sequences are acquired with free-breathing technique, whereas T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo LAVA sequences are acquired in breath hold. T2* represents an optional sequence, not routinely performed