Regulation of early Xenopus embryogenesis by Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2

摘要

BackgroundSmad ubiquitination regulatory factor (Smurf) 1 and 2 are E3 ubiquitin ligases originally identified as inhibitors of transforming growth factor beta signaling and are shown to modulate multiple cellular activities. The roles of Smurfs in vertebrate embryogenesis, however, are not completely understood.