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Metastability in pixelation patterns of coexisting fluid lipid bilayer phases imposed by e-beam patterned substrates

机译:亚稳态中共存通过电子束图案化衬底所施加的流体脂质双层相的像素化图案

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摘要

We study the dynamic evolution of pixilation patterns of the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase in coexistence with the liquid-disordered phase in lipid multibilayers. The pixilation patterns were formed by imposing lattice patterns of localized high curvature on phase-separating multibilayers using curvature-patterned regions of an underlying support. The projected radius of underlying hemisphere-like features, that provided the local curvature, was varied from 60 nm to 100 nm and the square lattice spacing between the features was varied between 200 nm and 400 nm using standard electron (e) -beam lithography. Over time, the area fraction of the Lo phase on the patterned regions of the substrate decreased toward zero at room temperature. This apparent metastability of the pattern derives from the high line energy of a pixelation pattern where a Boltzmann distribution shows near zero equilibrium partitioning of the Lo phase in the patterned regions. Kinetic rate analysis identifies two pattern-dependent mechanisms that dominate the transition to zero Lo area fraction; diffusion limited dissolution of the Lo phase driven by an Ostwald ripening-type process or the cooperative formation of vesicles containing Lo phase lipids. Interestingly, we observed the spontaneous formation of tubules in the corners of the array due to the high local curvature applied to the membrane. Furthermore we show that it is possible to regenerate pixilation patterns on the curvature-patterned regions by cooling below room temperature. Regenerated area fractions are in agreement with a room-temperature composition of primarily Ld phase and the high degree of overlap with the original patterns is suggestive of fixed nucleation sites.
机译:我们研究脂质有序双层中与液体无序相共存的液体有序(Lo)相的像素化模式的动态演变。通过使用下面的支撑物的曲率图案化区域在相分离的多层上施加局部高曲率的晶格图案来形成像素化图案。使用标准电子束光刻,提供局部曲率的下半球状特征的投影半径在60 nm至100 nm之间变化,并且特征之间的方阵间距在200 nm至400 nm之间变化。随着时间的流逝,在室温下衬底图案区域上的Lo相的面积分数朝着零减小。图案的这种明显的亚稳定性源自像素化图案的高线能量,其中玻尔兹曼分布显示出图案化区域中Lo相的接近零平衡分配。动力学速率分析确定了两种依赖于模式的机制,这些机制主导着向零Lo面积分数的转变。扩散限制了由奥斯特瓦尔德(Ostwald)成熟型过程或协同形成的含Lo相脂质的囊泡驱动的Lo相的溶解。有趣的是,由于施加到膜上的高局部曲率,我们观察到在阵列角上的小管自发形成。此外,我们表明可以通过冷却至室温以下来在曲率图案化的区域上再生像素化图案。再生的面积分数与主要为Ld相的室温组成相符,并且与原始图形的高度重叠表明存在固定的成核位点。

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  • 期刊名称 other
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  • 年(卷),期 -1(9),6
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 2037–2046
  • 总页数 18
  • 原文格式 PDF
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