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Iron Status and Reproduction in US Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006

机译:美国妇女的铁状况和繁殖:1999-2006年美国国家健康和营养调查

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摘要

Women experience significant changes in iron status throughout their reproductive lifespans. While this is evident in regions with high rates of malnutrition and infectious disease, the extent of reproductive-related changes is less well known in countries with low rates of iron deficiency anemia, such as the United States. The goal of this study is determine the relationship between women's reproductive variables (pregnancy, parity, currently breastfeeding, regular menstruation, hormonal contraceptive use, and age at menarche) and iron status (hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin receptor, and % transferrin saturation) using an anthropological framework for interpreting the results. Data from women aged 18–49 were taken from the 1999–2006 US NHANES, a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of US women. Using multiple imputation and complex survey statistics, women's reproductive variables were regressed against indicators of iron status. Pregnant women had significantly poorer iron status, by most indicators, than non-pregnant women. All biomarkers demonstrated significantly lower iron levels with increasing parity. Women who were having regular periods had iron indicators that suggested decreased iron levels, while women who used hormonal contraceptives had iron indicators that suggested increased iron levels. Despite relatively good iron status and widespread availability of iron-rich foods in the US, women still exhibit patterns of iron depletion across several reproductive variables of interest. These results contribute to an ecological approach to iron status that seeks to understand variation in iron status, with the hopes that appropriate, population-specific recommendations can be developed to improve women's health.
机译:妇女在整个生殖寿命中铁水平都会发生重大变化。尽管这在营养不良和传染病高发地区很明显,但在诸如美国这样的缺铁性贫血发生率低的国家,生殖相关变化的程度却鲜为人知。这项研究的目的是确定女性的生殖变量(怀孕,平价,目前的母乳喂养,月经正常,荷尔蒙避孕药的使用和初潮年龄)与铁状态(血红蛋白,铁蛋白,转铁蛋白受体和转铁蛋白饱和度百分比)之间的关系。解释结果的人类学框架。 18-49岁女性的数据来​​自1999-2006年美国NHANES,这是美国女性在全国范围内的代表性样本。使用多重推算和复杂的调查统计数据,将妇女的生殖变量与铁含量指标进行了回归。在大多数指标上,孕妇的铁状况明显低于未怀孕的妇女。所有生物标记物均显示随着平价的增加铁含量显着降低。有规律的妇女的铁指示物表明铁水平降低,而使用激素避孕的妇女的铁指示物表明铁水平升高。尽管在美国铁的状况相对较好,并且富含铁的食物在美国得到广泛普及,但是妇女仍然表现出多种关注的生殖变量中铁的消耗模式。这些结果有助于寻求铁状态的生态方法,以试图了解铁状态的变化,并希望能够制定适当的,针对特定人群的建议以改善妇女的健康状况。

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  • 作者

    Elizabeth M. Miller;

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(9),11
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 e112216
  • 总页数 11
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