Maternal mid-pregnancy glucose levels and risk of congenital heart disease in offspring

摘要

ImportanceThere is a well-described association between maternal diabetes and risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. Though the clinical diagnoses of Type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes are strong risk factors for CHD, sub-clinical abnormalities of glucose and insulin metabolism are common within the general population and could also confer risk for CHD.