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Two Polarities of Attention in Social Contexts: From Attending-to-Others to Attending-to-Self

机译:在社交环境中注意的两个极性:从参加他人到参加自我

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摘要

Social attention is one special form of attention that involves the allocation of limited processing resources in a social context. Previous studies on social attention often regard how attention is directed toward socially relevant stimuli such as faces and gaze directions of other individuals. In contrast to attending-to-others, a different line of researches has shown that self-related information such as own face and name automatically captures attention and is preferentially processed comparing to other-related information. These contrasting behavioral effects between attending-to-others and attending-to-self prompt me to consider a synthetic viewpoint for understanding social attention. I propose that social attention operates at two polarizing states: In one extreme, individual tends to attend to the self and prioritize self-related information over others', and, in the other extreme, attention is allocated to other individuals to infer their intentions and desires. Attending-to-self and attending-to-others mark the two ends of an otherwise continuum spectrum of social attention. For a given behavioral context, the mechanisms underlying these two polarities will interact and compete with each other in order to determine a saliency map of social attention that guides our behaviors. An imbalanced competition between these two behavioral and cognitive processes will cause cognitive disorders and neurological symptoms such as autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome. I have reviewed both behavioral and neural evidence that support the notion of polarized social attention, and have suggested several testable predictions to corroborate this integrative theory for understanding social attention.
机译:社会关注是一种特殊的关注形式,涉及在社会环境中分配有限的处理资源。先前有关社会注意力的研究通常会考虑如何将注意力引导至与社会相关的刺激,例如其他人的脸部和凝视方向。与参加会议相反,另一系列的研究表明,与自己相关的信息(例如自己的面孔和姓名)会自动引起注意,并且与其他相关信息相比会得到优先处理。他人参与和自我参与之间这些不同的行为影响促使我考虑一种综合观点来理解社会关注。我建议社会注意力在两个两极分化的状态下运作:在一个极端中,个人趋向于关注自我,并将与自身相关的信息置于其他人之上,而在另一个极端中,注意力被分配给其他个人以推断出他们的意图和行为。欲望。自我参与和他人参与标志着社会关注范围的另外两个方面。对于给定的行为背景,这两个极性的基础机制将相互作用并相互竞争,以便确定指导我们行为的社会关注显着性图。这两个行为和认知过程之间的不平衡竞争将导致认知障碍和神经系统症状,例如自闭症谱系障碍和威廉姆斯综合征。我已经回顾了支持极化社会关注概念的行为和神经证据,并提出了一些可验证的预测,以证实这一综合理论来理解社会关注。

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