Granular Nematicides for Control of theYam Nematode Scutellonema bradysand Relevant Residues in Raw Tubers

摘要

Four granular nentaticides were evaluated for control of the yam nematode, Scutellonema bradys (Steiner &LeHew) Andrassy, on Guinea yam, Dioscorea rotundata Poir, under field conditions prevelant in the tropics. A single application of nematicides (sidedressing) at the rate of 2 kg ai/ha as postplanting treatment at the onset of the rainy season depressed numbers of S. bradys attacking yams during the growing season and significantly increased tuber yields over untreated. The efficacy, based on the regression coefficient values of evaluated nematicides, was in the order of miral, carbofuran, aldicarb, and oxamyl (b = -75.9, -75.5, -72.1, and -65.9, respectively). Yam tuber yields increased by 136.9, 90.6, 87.9, and 85.3% over untreated (P = 0.05) in aldicarb, carbofuran, oxamyl, and miral treated plots, respectively. Residues in raw tubers pretreated with aldicarb, carbofuran, or miral were negligible (front less than 0.02 to 0.3 ppm) and far below the established tolerance levels (l.0 and 1.3 ppm for aldicarb and carbofuran, respectively) of a related crop in the United States. This is the first report on residues of systemic pesticides in yams.