Using Paecilomyces lilacinus (fungus nematicide) as replacement in controlling nematodes of tomato, for a sustainable production in urban and peri-urban areas (Dakar, Senegal). [French]Original Title Utilisation de Paecilomyces lilacinus (champignon nematicide) comme method de remplacement pour la lutte contre les nematodes de la tomate, en vue d'une production durable dans les zones urbaines et periurbaines (Dakar, Senegal).

摘要

Agricultural activities, especially horticulture, will become increasingly important in areas now classified as urban or suburban. In Senegal, the practice of urban horticulture is particularly important since the agricultural sector still has the difficult task of providing jobs, incomes and food security in much of the population. It is essential to identify the risks posed by urban and peri-urban horticulture and to provide solutions for farmers as well as research opportunities for scientists to ensure the sustainability of the system. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 types of treatments on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum 'Mongal', sensitive to nematodes) by analyzing their impact on the yield in kg, the number of fruits and the level of attack by Meloidogyne javanica at the ISRA research center (CDH) close to Dakar, Senegal under pesticide-free conditions. The experimental design was set in a completely randomized block with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions. The product used was PL GoldReg., which contains the fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus (PL) and is proposed by the Foundation "Agir pour l'Education et la Sante" for the west African market to control Meloidogyne javanica. The five treatments were: PL1 (0.5 kg/ha), PL2 (1 kg/ha) and PL3 (1.5 kg/ha), a control with Carbofuran (WC) (50 kg/ha) and an untreated control. PL3 was the most effective treatment since seedlings in this treatment were not attacked by M. javanica. All the other treatments were susceptible to M. javanica. With regard to the agronomic parameters, seedlings in the PL2 treatment sprouted earlier and gave higher fruit yield. The WC treatment gave a better yield (92 t/ha) followed by PL2 (89 t/ha). The effect of the PL2 treatment in terms of yield, agronomic performance and level of attack by M. javanica (40% reduction of attack) is discussed in this paper. The use of PL2 (a biological treatment) as an alternative to WC (chemical treatment) is suggested to improve the sustainability of soil fertility and crop productivity.