The Effect of Short‐term Isometric Muscle Contraction and the Valsalva Maneuver on Systemic and Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Patients with Severe Heart Failure

摘要

BackgroundChronic heart failure is characterized by high mortality, frequent hospitalization, and reduced quality of life. Patients with severe heart failure are often in very poor physical condition, they are unable to take part in the usual exercise programs, and therefore need an individual approach.