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Quantum entanglement at ambient conditions in a macroscopic solid-state spin ensemble

机译:宏观固态自旋系中环境条件下的量子纠缠

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摘要

Entanglement is a key resource for quantum computers, quantum-communication networks, and high-precision sensors. Macroscopic spin ensembles have been historically important in the development of quantum algorithms for these prospective technologies and remain strong candidates for implementing them today. This strength derives from their long-lived quantum coherence, strong signal, and ability to couple collectively to external degrees of freedom. Nonetheless, preparing ensembles of genuinely entangled spin states has required high magnetic fields and cryogenic temperatures or photochemical reactions. We demonstrate that entanglement can be realized in solid-state spin ensembles at ambient conditions. We use hybrid registers comprising of electron-nuclear spin pairs that are localized at color-center defects in a commercial SiC wafer. We optically initialize 103 identical registers in a 40-μm3 volume (with 0.950.07+0.05 fidelity) and deterministically prepare them into the maximally entangled Bell states (with 0.88 ± 0.07 fidelity). To verify entanglement, we develop a register-specific quantum-state tomography protocol. The entanglement of a macroscopic solid-state spin ensemble at ambient conditions represents an important step toward practical quantum technology.
机译:纠缠是量子计算机,量子通信网络和高精度传感器的重要资源。宏观自旋合奏在这些前瞻性技术的量子算法开发中一直具有重要的历史意义,并且仍然是当今实现它们的有力候选。这种强度源于它们长久的量子相干性,强大的信号以及集体耦合到外部自由度的能力。然而,制备真正纠缠的自旋态的合奏需要高磁场和低温或光化学反应。我们证明缠结可以在环境条件下在固态自旋集合体中实现。我们使用包含电子核自旋对的混合寄存器,这些电子对自旋位于商业SiC晶圆的色心缺陷处。我们以40μm 3 的体积光学初始化10个 3 相同的寄存器(使用 0.95 0.07 + 0.05 保真度),并确定性地将它们准备成最大纠缠的贝尔状态( 0.88±0.07保真度)。为了验证纠缠,我们开发了特定于寄存器的量子态断层扫描协议。宏观固态自旋系统在环境条件下的纠缠是朝着实用量子技术迈出的重要一步。

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