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  • 1.

    【2hr】Family ecological predictors of physical activity parenting in low income families

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    机译 低收入家庭体育活动育儿的家庭生态预测因子
    摘要：Physical activity (PA) parenting, or strategies parents use to promote PA in children, has been associated with increased PA in children of all ages, including preschool-aged children. However, little is known about the circumstances under which parents adopt such behaviors. This study examined family ecological factors associated with PA parenting. Low-income parents (N = 145) of preschool-aged children (aged 2 to 5 years) were recruited from five Head Start centers in upstate New York. Guided by the Family Ecological Model (FEM), parents completed surveys assessing PA parenting and relevant family and community factors. Hierarchical regression analysis identified independent predictors of PA parenting. Parent depressive symptoms, life pressures that interfere with PA and perceived empowerment to access PA resources were associated with PA parenting. Community factors, including neighborhood play safety and social capital, were not independently associated with PA parenting in the multivariate model. Together, family ecological factors accounted for a large proportion of the variance in PA parenting (R2 = .37). Findings highlight the need to look beyond cognitive predictors of PA parenting in low-income families and to examine the impact of their broader life circumstances including indicators of stress.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Nocturnal Blood Pressure Non-Dipping, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Sleep Quality in Women

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    机译 夜间非浸渍性血压，创伤后应激障碍和女性睡眠质量
    摘要：BackgroundWomen with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have poor sleep quality and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Non-dipping of nocturnal blood pressure may be an explanatory factor for the relationship between sleep and CVD found in previous research.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Improving Confidence for Self Care in Patients with Depression and Chronic Illnesses

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    机译 提高抑郁症和慢性病患者自我保健的信心
    摘要：The aim of this study was to examine whether patients who received a multi-condition collaborative care intervention for chronic illnesses and depression had greater improvement in self-care knowledge and efficacy, and whether greater knowledge and self-efficacy is positively associated with improved target outcomes. A randomized controlled trial with 214 patients with comorbid depression and poorly controlled diabetes and/or coronary heart disease tested a 12-month team-based intervention that combined self-management support and collaborative care management. At 6 and 12 month outcomes the intervention group showed significant improvements over the usual care group in confidence in ability to follow through with medical regimens important to managing their conditions and to maintain lifestyle changes even during times of stress. Improvements in self care-efficacy were significantly related to improvements in depression, and early improvements in confidence to maintain lifestyle changes even during times of stress explained part of the observed subsequent improvements in depression.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Understanding Cervical Cancer Screening Intentions Among Latinas Using An Expanded Theory of Planned Behavior Model

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    机译 使用计划行为模型的扩展理论了解拉丁裔中子宫颈癌筛查的意图
    摘要：We examined the utility of an expanded Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model in predicting cervical cancer screening intentions among Latinas. The model included acculturation and past cervical cancer screening behavior along with attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 206 Latinas who responded to a self-administered survey. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the expanded TPB model. Acculturation (p= .025) and past screening behavior (p= .001) along with attitude (p= .019), subjective norms (p= .028), and perceived behavioral control (p= .014) predicted the intention to be screened for cervical cancer. Our findings suggest that the TPB is a useful model for understanding cervical cancer screening intentions among Latinas when both past behavior and culture are included. This highlights the importance of culture on behavior and indicates a need to develop culturally sensitive, theory-based interventions to encourage screening and reduce cervical cancer-related health disparities in Latinas.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Factors associated with HIV testing history among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in Los Angeles County

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    机译 洛杉矶县男男性接触者（BMSM）与HIV检测史相关的因素
    摘要：Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately affected with HIV, and nearly half are unaware of their status. Those unaware of their status are more likely to engage in risky behavior; thus, HIV-testing uptake is crucial. This study explored correlates of past 2-year HIV-testing history. BMSM (n = 102) completed self-administered questionnaires. Fisher exact test indicated that BMSM at clubs/bars and gay pride events had higher rates of being tested within the past two years (86%−65%) than did participants who responded to online advertisements (44%, p < 0.001). Those untested for HIV were more likely to have had receptive anal sex without a condom (50 % vs 25%, p = 0.033), used the Internet seeking sex (65% vs 26%, p < 0.001), low HIV knowledge (52% vs 22%, p = 0.005), and less education. Literacy and tailored online interventions might be worth considering to increase HIV-testing uptake.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Mediators of Change in Psychosocial Interventions for Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

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    机译 癌症患者心理社会干预改变的调解人：系统评价
    摘要：Careful reviews and meta-analyses have made valuable contributions to understanding the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for cancer patients. An important next step is to determine the mediators that explain the influence of efficacious interventions on outcomes. This systematic review summarizes tests of mediating variables from twenty-two projects conducted from 1989–2010. Although all authors provided some type of rationale for considering particular mediating relationships, the investigations varied widely with respect to the extent to which formal theoretical constructs were tested, the type and goals of the interventions studied, and the broad types of outcomes and potential mediators examined. Although there was some evidence supporting selected mediating relationships, with positive findings often found when mediating variables represented behaviors targeted by an intervention, the findings were mixed. Expanding the focus of research to include mechanisms in psychosocial oncology intervention research is necessary for providing a unified picture of how mediating relationships may be operating in this field.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Intervention for Homeless, Substance Abusing Mothers: Findings from a Non-Randomized Pilot

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    机译 对无家可归者，滥用药物母亲的干预：来自非随机化飞行员的发现
    摘要：Little empirically-based information is available regarding how best to intervene with substance-abusing homeless mothers. This study pilot-tested a comprehensive intervention with 15 homeless women and their 2- to 6-year-old children, recruited from a local family shelter. All participants were offered integrated intervention with three major components. The first component was housing which included 3 months of rental and utility assistance, and these services were not contingent upon women’s abstinence from drugs or alcohol. The second and third components included 6 months of case management services and an evidence-based substance abuse treatment (Community Reinforcement Approach; CRA). Analysis revealed that women showed reductions in substance use (F2,22 = 3.63; p < .05), homelessness (F2,24 = 25.31; p < .001), and mental health problems (F2,20 = 8.5; p < .01). Further, women reported reduced internalizing (F2,22 = 4.08; p < .05) and externalizing problems (F2,24 = 7.7; p = .01) among their children. The findings suggest that the intervention is a promising approach to meet the multiple needs of this vulnerable population. These positive outcomes support the need for future research to replicate the findings with a larger sample using a randomized design.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Social Control in Older Adults’ Diabetes Self Management and Well-being

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    机译 老年人糖尿病自我管理和幸福感的社会控制
    摘要：ObjectivesThe “dual effects” hypothesis argues that social control can be effective in promoting positive health-related behavior change, but it can also jeopardize the targeted individual’s well-being. This hypothesis is tested using hemoglobin A1C as an objective indicator of behavioral compliance with diabetes self-management behavior and depressive symptoms. Differences in the effects of social control on A1C and depressive symptoms by gender and ethnicity are tested.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Approach to Antihypertensive Adherence: A Feasibility Study on the Use of Student Health Coaches for Uninsured Hypertensive Adults

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    机译 降压依从性的方法：对未投保的高血压成年人使用学生保健教练的可行性研究
    摘要：BackgroundDespite pharmacologic advances, medication non-adherence continues to challenge primary care providers in blood pressure (BP) management.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Testing a Brief Self-Directed Behavioral Weight Control Program

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    机译 测试一个简短的自我指导的行为体重控制程序
    摘要：Clinical obesity treatments are of limited reach. Self-directed weight control attempts are common, but little attention has been given to providing guidance for such efforts in the population. The present research tests a brief intervention approach to weight control. Pilot data were collected from 66 University employees (72.7% female, 81.8% white) randomized to an assessment-only control condition or a single intervention session to teach empirically valid self-directed weight control methods. Mean baseline weight was 87.1 kilograms (range 64.0–120.3 kilograms). Though statistically nonsignificant, intervention participants averaged greater weight loss by 6 months than controls [−0.80 kilograms vs. −0.19 kilograms, F(1, 44) = 0.47, p = .50, Cohen’s d = .21]. There was a significant group × time interaction for self-weighing frequency [F(2, 41) = 10.84, p < .001]. With some enhancement and more attention to dissemination, a brief self-directed program has potential as a useful approach to population weight gain prevention.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Classification of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Types of Fatigue

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    机译 按疲劳类型分类肌性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合症
    摘要：Persons with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) often complain of fatigue states (e.g. post-exertional malaise, brain fog) that are qualitatively different than normal, daily fatigue. Given the heterogeneous nature of ME/CFS, it is likely that individuals with this illness experience these fatigue types differently in terms of severity and frequency. It is also possible that meaningful subgroups of patients exist regarding different patterns of the fatigue experience. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individuals with ME/CFS can be classified in a meaningful way according to the different types of fatigue they experience. One hundred individuals with ME/CFS participated in the study. Individuals that met inclusion criteria were administered the Multiple Fatigue Types Questionnaire (MFTQ), a five-factor instrument that distinguishes between different types of fatigue. A cluster analysis was used to classify patients into various clusters based upon factor subscale scores. Using a three-factor solution, individuals were classified according to illness severity (low, moderate, severe) across the different fatigue factors. However, a 5-cluster solution enabled participants with moderate to severe fatigue levels to fall out into more differentiated clusters and demonstrate distinct fatigue state patterns. These results suggest that fatigue patterns of individuals with ME/CFS are heterogeneous and patients may be classified into meaningful subgroups.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Understanding Nonsmoking in African American and Caucasian College Students: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

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    机译 了解非裔美国人和白人大学生的禁烟：计划行为理论的应用
    摘要：Few studies have considered whether psychological determinants of nonsmoking among college students vary by ethnicity. The authors tested the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain differences in nonsmoking intentions of 238 African American and 197 Caucasian college students who completed an in-class TPB questionnaire and a smoking assessment 1 week later. After removing 35 students who reported smoking at the baseline assessment, regressions were used to examine ethnic effects on TPB constructs when predicting nonsmoking intentions. Caucasians had statistically significant higher nonsmoking intentions than African Americans. Further, subjective norms for Caucasians and attitudes for African Americans had small but significant relations to intention, but perceived behavioral control (PBC) was a strongly significant predictor for both ethnic groups. However, the prediction of nonsmoking intentions was not statistically moderated by ethnicity for any of the TPB constructs. This study suggests that the TPB may aid in understanding collegiate nonsmoking intentions and help begin to explain differences in smoking on the basis of ethnicity. Last, because of strong associations shown in this study, PBC should be considered when developing ethnic-specific smoking interventions in college students.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Influence of Coping, Social Support, and Depression on Subjective Health Status Among HIV-Positive Adults With Different Sexual Identities

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    机译 应对，社会支持和抑郁对不同性别身份的HIV阳性成年人主观健康状况的影响
    摘要：The authors examined associations between psychosocial variables (coping self-efficacy, social support, and cognitive depression) and subjective health status among a large national sample (N = 3,670) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons with different sexual identities. After controlling for ethnicity, heterosexual men reported fewer symptoms than did either bisexual or gay men and heterosexual women reported fewer symptoms than did bisexual women. Heterosexual and bisexual women reported greater symptom intrusiveness than did heterosexual or gay men. Coping self-efficacy and cognitive depression independently explained symptom reports and symptom intrusiveness for heterosexual, gay, and bisexual men. Coping self-efficacy and cognitive depression explained symptom intrusiveness among heterosexual women. Cognitive depression significantly contributed to the number of symptom reports for heterosexual and bisexual women and to symptom intrusiveness for lesbian and bisexual women. Individuals likely experience HIV differently on the basis of sociocultural realities associated with sexual identity. Further, symptom intrusiveness may be a more sensitive measure of subjective health status for these groups.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Unmet Needs of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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    机译 系统性红斑狼疮患者的未满足需求
    摘要：The authors' goal was to assess unmet needs of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Participants (N = 112), who were recruited through the mailing list and support group meetings of a Lupus Alliance of America Affiliate, completed a survey based on prior research. All participants perceived at least 1 unmet need. The most frequently reported unmet needs were in the physical symptoms domain. Older patients were more likely than younger patients to have higher levels of unmet needs related to physical and psychological functioning. African American patients were more likely than white patients to have higher levels of unmet needs related to health services and information. Our findings document the high prevalence and variety of unmet needs among these patients, as well as variations among demographic groups. To address unmet needs of SLE patients, targeted referrals to patient educators, mental health professionals, and support organizations are important adjuncts to medical treatment.
  • 15.

    【2hr】A Comparison of Smokers' and Nonsmokers' Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Relevant Psychosocial Factors

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    机译 吸烟者和非吸烟者的水果和蔬菜摄入量及相关社会心理因素的比较
    摘要：The authors examined the relation between smoking status and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among a population-based sample and examined differences in psychosocial factors that may influence diet and inform intervention efforts. The authors recruited adults (N = 2,540) from 5 US health plans to participate in a Web-based dietary intervention trial. At baseline, smokers ate fewer FV servings per day (p < .001) and were less likely to meet the 5 A Day goal (p < .001). Smokers reported lower self-efficacy, overall motivation, and intrinsic motivation for meeting daily FV recommendations. Fewer smokers expected that eating 5 FV servings a day would reduce their risk for diabetes (p = .02) or obesity (p = .008). Smokers are an important target group for dietary intervention. Intervention efforts should attempt to increase smokers' motivation and confidence in their abilities to change their eating patterns and educate them about the health benefits of eating FV.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Predictors of Adherence in the Women’s Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D Trial

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    机译 妇女健康计划钙和维生素D试验中依从性的预测指标
    摘要：The authors analyzed data from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation Trial (CaD) to learn more about factors affecting adherence to clinical trial study pills (both active and placebo). Most participants (36,282 postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years) enrolled in CaD 1 year after joining either a hormone trial or the dietary modification trial of WHI. The WHI researchers measured adherence to study pills by weighing the amount of remaining pills at an annual study visit; adherence was primarily defined as taking ≥ 80% of the pills. The authors in this study examined a number of behavioral, demographic, procedural, and treatment variables for association with study pill adherence. They found that relatively simple procedures (ie, phone contact early in the study [4 weeks post randomization] and direct social contact) later in the trial may improve adherence. Also, at baseline, past pill-use experiences, personal supplement use, and relevant symptoms may be predictive of adherence in a supplement trial.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Direct and Indirect Links Between Childhood Maltreatment, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Women’s Health

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    机译 儿童虐待，创伤后应激障碍和妇女健康之间的直接和间接联系
    摘要：The authors evaluated the relationships among childhood maltreatment, sexual trauma in adulthood, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and health functioning in women. Female Veterans’ Affairs (VA) primary care patients (N = 200) completed self-report measures of childhood maltreatment, adult sexual trauma, PTSD symptoms, and current health functioning. The authors used structural equation modeling to test models of the relationship among these variables. Childhood nonsexual maltreatment and adult sexual assault were positively associated with PTSD. Childhood nonsexual maltreatment (β = −.20) and PTSD (β = −.75) were significantly associated with poorer physical and mental health functioning. Adult sexual assault negatively affected health functioning through its association with PTSD. Thus, poor health outcomes associated with childhood maltreatment in women may be conveyed through PTSD. These findings should strengthen efforts directed at identifying and treating PTSD in female victims of childhood maltreatment with the aim of preventing or attenuating poor health outcomes.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Personality as a predictor of dietary quality in spouses during midlife

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    机译 人格是中年配偶饮食质量的预测指标
    摘要：ObjectiveTo examine the NEO personality inventory-revised (NEO-PI-R) as a predictor of dietary quality in married couples, with focus on associations among: 1) each participant’s personality as a predictor of their own dietary assessment, and 2) each participant’s personality as a predictor of their spouses’ dietary assessment.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Memory for Fatigue in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Relationships to Fatigue Variability, Catastrophizing, and Negative Affect

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    机译 慢性疲劳综合症中的疲劳记忆：与疲劳变异性，灾难性和负面影响的关系
    摘要：Fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is usually assessed with retrospective measures rather than real-time momentary symptom assessments. In this study, the authors hypothesized that in participants with CFS, discrepancies between recalled and momentary fatigue would be related to catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression and to variability of momentary fatigue. They also expected that catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression would be associated with momentary fatigue. The authors asked 53 adults with CFS to carry electronic diaries for 3 weeks and record their experiences of momentary fatigue. The authors assessed participants' fatigue recall with weekly ratings and administered questionnaires for catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety. Recall discrepancy was significantly related to the variability of momentary fatigue. In addition, catastrophizing, depression, and momentary fatigue were all significantly related to recall discrepancy. Catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, and momentary negative affect were all significantly associated with momentary fatigue. The findings suggest that momentary fatigue in patients with CFS is related to modifiable psychological factors.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Parent–Adolescent Relationship Education (PARE): Program Delivery to Reduce Risks for Adolescent Pregnancy and STDs

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    机译 家长-青少年关系教育（PARE）：计划实施以降低青少年怀孕和性病风险
    摘要：The first author recruited parent–adolescent dyads (N = 192) into after-school prevention education groups at middle schools in southeast Texas. This author placed participants in either (1) an Interactive Program (IP) in which they role-played, practiced resistance skills, and held parent–child discussions or (2) an Attention Control Program (ACP) that used the same curriculum but was delivered in a traditional, didactic format. Questionnaires administered at the beginning and end of the 4-session program and again after booster sessions in 3 subsequent semesters provided measures of social controls (eg, communication with parents) and self controls (eg, protection against risk) on the youths' sexual health behaviors. Linear mixed models adjusted for gender, age, and ethnicity showed that the IP, in comparison with the ACP, achieved significant gains in social control by increasing parental rules about having sex and other risky behaviors and also enhanced students' self-control by increasing their knowledge about prevention and enhancing resistance responses when pressured to have sex.
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