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  • 1.

    【2hr】The Activity Support Scale for Multiple Groups (ACTS-MG): Child-reported physical activity parenting in African American and non-Hispanic White families

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    机译 多个群体的活动支持量表（ACTS-MG）：在非裔美国人和非西班牙裔白人家庭中儿童报告的体育活动为人父母
    摘要：This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a child-report, multidimensional measure of physical activity (PA) parenting, the Activity Support Scale for Multiple Groups (ACTS-MG), in African American and non-Hispanic white families. The ACTS-MG was administered to children aged 5 to 12 years. A three factor model of PA parenting (Modeling of PA, Logistic Support, and Restricting Access to Screen-based Activities) was tested separately for mother’s and fathers’ PA parenting. The proposed three-factor structure was supported in both racial groups for mothers’ PA parenting and in the African American sample for fathers’ PA parenting. Factorial invariance between racial groups was demonstrated for mother’s PA parenting. Building on a previous study examining the ACTS-MG parent-report, this study supports the use of the ACTS-MG child-report for mothers’ PA parenting. However, further research is required to investigate the measurement of fathers’ PA parenting across racial groups.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Bradycardia as a Marker of Chronic Cocaine Use: A Novel Cardiovascular Finding

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    机译 心动过缓作为慢性可卡因使用的标志：一种新型的心血管发现。
    摘要：BackgroundFew studies have examined the effects of chronic cocaine use on the resting surface electrocardiogram (ECG) between exposures to cocaine.
  • 3.

    【2hr】Social Network Assessments and Interventions for Health Behavior Change: A Critical Review

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    机译 社会网络评估和健康行为改变的干预措施：批判性审查
    摘要：Social networks provide a powerful approach for health behavior change. This article documents how social network interventions have been successfully utilized for a range of health behaviors including HIV risk practices, smoking, exercise, dieting, family planning, bullying, and mental health. We review the literature that suggests relationship between health behaviors and social network attributes demonstrate a high degree of specificity. The article then examines hypothesized social influence mechanisms including social norms, modeling, and social rewards and the factors of social identity and social rewards that can be employed to sustain social network interventions. Areas of future research avenues are highlighted, including the need to examine and analytically adjust for contamination and social diffusion, social influence versus differential affiliation, and network change. Use and integration of mhealth and face-to-face networks for promoting health behavior change are also critical research areas.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Socioeconomic Status, Subjective Social Status, and Perceived Stress: Associations with Stress Physiology and Executive Functioning

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    机译 社会经济地位，主观社会地位和感知压力：与​​压力生理和执行功能的关联
    摘要：Several studies have investigated associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and indicators of children’s physiological and cognitive self-regulation. Although objective measures of family SES may be good proxies for families’ experiences of disadvantage, less is known about subjective aspects of families’ experiences. We hypothesize that subjective social status (SSS) and perceived stress may be important independent predictors of children’s stress physiology and executive functioning (EF). Eighty-two children from diverse SES backgrounds were administered EF measures and provided saliva samples for cortisol assay. Caregivers reported on objective SES, SSS, and perceived stress. Results suggest that SES and SSS are both independently and positively related to EF. In models predicting stress physiology, higher perceived stress was associated with lower baseline cortisol. Moreover, SES and age interacted to predict cortisol levels such that among younger children, lower SES was associated with higher cortisol whereas among older children, lower SES was associated with lower cortisol. Results highlight the importance of considering both objective and subjective indicators of families' SES and stressful experiences in relation to multiple aspects of children's self-regulation.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Sexual Health Risk and the Movement of Women between Disadvantaged Communities and Local Jails

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    机译 性健康风险与弱势社区与地方监狱之间的妇女流动
    摘要：Drawing on cross-sectional data collected in three Kansas City jails, our objective was to describe the social, neighborhood-based context of sexual health risk prior to incarceration for 290 women. Half of the participants were clustered in Kansas City's urban core before their incarceration. Women who lived in these neighborhoods, which had the highest density of our incarcerated participants, were three times as likely to report a history of trading sex for money, drugs, or life necessities, compared to women who lived elsewhere in the city. Living in a neighborhood that was perceived to have low social capital was also associated with sexually transmitted infection history. Gaining an understanding of these social influences in women's lives—particularly at the neighborhood level—provides key insights that will allow future interventions to change the health outcomes of women who move between disadvantaged communities and local jails.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Economic stress and cortisol among postpartum low-income Mexican American women: buffering influence of family support

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    机译 产后低收入墨西哥裔美国妇女的经济压力和皮质醇：缓冲家庭支持的影响
    摘要：Low-income Mexican American women experience significant health disparities during the postpartum period. Contextual stressors, such as economic stress, are theorized to affect health via dysregulated cortisol output. However, cultural protective factors including strong family support may buffer the impact of stress. In a sample of 322 low-income Mexican American women (mother age 18–42; 84% Spanish-speaking; modal family income $10,000–$15,000), we examined the interactive influence of economic stress and family support at 6 weeks postpartum on maternal cortisol output (AUCg) during a mildly challenging mother-infant interaction task at 12 weeks postpartum, controlling for 6 week maternal cortisol and depressive symptoms. The interaction significantly predicted cortisol output such that higher economic stress predicted higher cortisol only among women reporting low family support. These results suggest that family support is an important protective resource for postpartum Mexican American women experiencing elevated economic stress.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Structural and Functional Support in the Prediction of Smoking Cessation in Caregivers of Children with Asthma

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    机译 哮喘儿童看护者吸烟戒烟预测中的结构和功能支持
    摘要：Caregivers of children with asthma smoke at a rate similar to the general population. Research on the relative importance of structural or functional social support in smoking cessation has been mixed. Participants were smokers (N=154) who were caregivers of children with asthma. Both functional (perception of social support measured by the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List) and structural social support (living with another smoker, partner status, and the proportion of smoking friends) were measured at baseline. Participants received an asthma-education and smoking cessation intervention based on Motivational Interviewing. Biochemically-verified abstinence was assessed at 6-months post treatment. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that functional support predicted smoking abstinence even when controlling for relevant covariates and structural support (OR = .896, p=.025). Exploratory analyses revealed that this effect was driven primarily by the self-esteem ISEL subscale. Structural support (lower proportion of smoking friends), but not functional support, predicted making a 24-hour quit attempt (OR = 1.476, p=.031) but this effect became non-significant when the effect of functional support was accounted for. Smoking cessation that focuses on building general functional support, particularly self-esteem support, may be beneficial for smoking cessation in caregivers of children with asthma.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Colonoscopy-specific fears in African Americans and Hispanics

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    机译 非裔美国人和西班牙裔患者对结肠镜检查的恐惧
    摘要：Although fears of colonoscopy may deter African Americans and Hispanics from having a screening colonoscopy, little is known about these fears. This study sought to: (1) identify the proportion of African Americans and Hispanics who experience colonoscopy-specific fears; and, (2) identify factors associated with these fears. Data were collected at an academic hospital in New York City between the years of 2008-2010. Following a primary care visit, African Americans (N=383) and Hispanics (N=407) who received a recommendation for a screening colonoscopy completed a questionnaire that assessed: colonoscopy-specific fears (e.g., fear of the pain associated with the colonoscopy), demographics, and psychological variables. Presence of colonoscopy-specific fears was endorsed by 79.5% of participants. Multiple regression analyses revealed that being female (p<0.001), speaking English (p <0.001), having greater perceived risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) (p<0.01), greater worry about risk of CRC (p<0.01), greater fear of CRC (p<0.001) and lower levels of self-efficacy of having a colonoscopy (p < 0.01) were associated with greater colonoscopy-specific fears. The results can inform interventions designed to assuage fears and improve screening colonoscopy adherence in African Americans and Hispanics.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Individual- and Structural-Level Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts among Transgender Adults

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    机译 跨性别成年人自杀企图的个人和结构层面的危险因素
    摘要：This study assessed individual (i.e., internalized transphobia) and structural forms of stigma as risk factors for suicide attempts among transgender adults. Internalized transphobia was assessed through a 26-item scale including four dimensions: pride, passing, alienation and shame. State-level structural stigma was operationalized as a composite index, including: density of same-sex couples; proportion of Gay-Straight Alliances per public high school; 5 policies related to sexual orientation discrimination; and aggregated public opinion towards homosexuality. Multivariable logistic generalized estimating equation models assessed associations of interest among an online sample of transgender adults (N=1,229) representing 48 states and the District of Columbia. Lower levels of structural stigma were associated with fewer lifetime suicide attempts (AOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.997), and a higher score on the internalized transphobia scale was associated with greater lifetime suicide attempts (AOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.33). Addressing stigma at multiple levels is necessary to reduce the vulnerability of suicide attempts among transgender adults.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Assessing the Relationship Between the Perceived Shelter Environment and Mental Health Among Homeless Caregivers

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    机译 评估无家可归照顾者的庇护环境与心理健康之间的关系
    摘要：Little attention has been given to how the environment of homeless shelters may impact the mental health of their residents. This study addresses this gap in the literature and presents a cross-sectional analysis of 209 caregivers nested within 10 family shelters across New York City. Multivariate regression was employed using hierarchical modeling to test the association between two shelter related variables (ie, the perceived social environment of the shelter and difficulty following shelter rules) and the mental health status of the caregiver residents. Less favorable perceptions of the social environment of the shelter and difficulty following shelter rules were both found to be associated with poorer mental health after controlling for demographic covariates as well as time in the shelter and first time in the shelter. These findings highlight the potential impact of the perceived social environment of shelters and methods of governance of shelters on the mental health of caregiver residents. In addition, the findings support the notion that interventions such as trauma informed care could potentially aid in addressing the mental health challenges that residents face.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Park Density Impacts Weight Change in a Behavioral Intervention for Overweight Rural Youth

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    机译 公园密度影响超重农村青年行为干预中的体重变化
    摘要：Currently, over 30% of youth are overweight or obese. Limited access to parks and recreational facilities is related to physical inactivity and obesity. Environmental factors may also impact the effectiveness of pediatric weight management interventions. Most research concerning the built environment and child weight status has been conducted in urban settings, despite rural children being disproportionately overweight and obese compared to their urban peers. The current study examined the relationship between park density and weight change among 93 overweight rural youth (ages 8-14) participating in a randomized controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a behavioral family weight management intervention. Results revealed that increased park density was associated with decreases in BMI z-score over time for youth in the behavioral family weight management intervention, but not those in the wait-list control group. In rural communities it is important to consider the environmental context when designing prevention and treatment programs addressing childhood obesity.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Family- and Neighborhood-Level Factors as Predictors of Conduct Problems in School among Young, Urban, Minority Children

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    机译 家庭和邻里水平因素是年幼，城市，少数民族儿童中学校行为问题的预测指标
    摘要：Minority children attending schools in urban socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods are at high risk for conduct problems. Although a number of family and neighborhood characteristics have been implicated in the onset and progression of conduct problems, there remains incomplete understanding of the unique contributions of poverty-related factors early in development. This prospective study of 298 black public school children considered family- and neighborhood-level predictors of teacher-reported conduct problems from pre-kindergarten through first grade. Results from multi-level analyses indicate that percentage of poor residents in a student’s neighborhood made a robust independent contribution to the prediction of development of conduct problems, over and above family- and other neighborhood-level demographic factors. For children of single parents, the percentage of black residents in the neighborhood also predicted the development of conduct problems. School-based interventions to prevent conduct problems should consider impact for children at highest risk based on neighborhood poverty.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Effect of an Empowerment Intervention on Antiretroviral Drug Adherence in Thai Youth

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    机译 赋权干预对泰国青少年抗逆转录病毒药物依从性的影响
    摘要：A pilot study was conducted to determine effects of an empowerment intervention on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among Thai youth living with HIV/AIDS. It compared two groups of 23 young persons (15–24 years) who receive ART from AIDS clinics at 2 community hospitals. One hospital’s patients served as the experimental group, and the other as a control group. The experimental groups attended five sessions that empowered them to take control of their own health. The control group received standard of care. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistics. Before the empowerment, no one from the experimental group or the control group had ART adherence ≥95%. After the intervention, the 82.6% of the experimental group had ≥95% adherence compared to the control group, which had 21.7% adherence (p<.0001). The empowerment intervention resulted in a significant increase in ART adherence among Thai youth.
  • 14.

    【2hr】A closer look at unmet needs at the end of primary treatment for breast cancer: A longitudinal pilot study

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    机译 一项纵向试验研究，仔细研究了乳腺癌初级治疗结束时未满足的需求
    摘要：This study describes the nature of unmet needs (UN) as women with breast cancer transition from “patient” to “survivor.” Data are from a longitudinal study of 90 women with stage I-III breast cancer. Data were collected 2–3 weeks before, and 10 weeks after, completion of radiation. A modified Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN) instrument measured UN. Most participants reported ≥1 unmet need at baseline (80.00%) and follow-up (69.31%), with UN across physical, healthcare, information, psychosocial, and survivorship domains. Total number of UN declined over time (t(87)=3.00, p<.01). UN likely to persist from baseline to follow-up involved cancer recurrence concerns, stress management, household responsibilities, and others not acknowledging/understanding cancer. Younger women (p=.01) and those with more severe (p<.01), life-interfering (p=.01) symptoms had greater burden of UN. This study highlights the dynamics of UN in the weeks before and after primary treatment. Future studies should identify long-term consequences of persistent UN.
  • 15.

    【2hr】A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of the Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Brief Meditation and Mindfulness Intervention for People with Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease

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    机译 糖尿病和冠心病患者短暂冥想和正念干预的可接受性和有效性的混合方法试验研究
    摘要：Mindfulness-based interventions can successfully target negative perseverative cognitions such as worry and thought suppression, but their acceptability and effectiveness in people with long-term conditions is uncertain. We therefore pilot tested a six-week meditation and mindfulness intervention in people (n = 40) with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. We used a sequential mixed-methods approach that measured change in worry and thought suppression and qualitatively explored acceptability, feasibility, and user experience with a focus group (n = 11) and in-depth interviews (n = 16). The intervention was highly acceptable, with 90% completing ≥5 sessions. Meditation and mindfulness skills led to improved sleep, greater relaxation, and more-accepting approaches to illness and illness experience. At the end of the six-week meditation course, worry, and thought suppression were significantly reduced. Positive impacts of mindfulness-based interventions on psychological health may relate to acquisition and development of meta-cognitive skills but this needs experimental confirmation.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Smoking and HIV-related health issues among older HIV+ gay, bisexual, and other MSM

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    机译 老年HIV +同性恋，双性恋和其他MSM中与吸烟和HIV相关的健康问题
    摘要：The prevalence of cigarette smoking and the relations between smoking and HIV clinical markers, HIV medication adherence, and opportunistic infections (OIs) were examined in a sample of 199 HIV+, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 50 and older. Overall, 35.7% were current smokers, 35.7% were former smokers, and 28.6% were never smokers. In the final multivariable polytomous logistic regression model controlling for age, income, and illicit drug use, current smokers were less likely to report an undetectable viral load as compared to never and former smokers. Relative to never smokers, former smokers were more likely report respiratory OIs, and current smokers were more likely to report gastrointestinal OIs. This study demonstrates high prevalence of cigarette smoking among aging, HIV+ MSM and provides additional evidence for a relationship between smoking and poorer HIV clinical markers. Targeted and tailored smoking cessation programs within the context of HIV care services are warranted.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Substance Abuse Treatment in Persons with HIV/AIDS: Challenges in Managing Triple Diagnosis

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    机译 艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的药物滥用治疗：三重诊断管理中的挑战
    摘要：This paper provides a review of the current literature addressing substance abuse treatment in persons living with HIV/AIDS. Clinical management of HIV must account for the “triple diagnosis” of HIV, psychiatric diagnosis, and substance use disorders and requires integrated treatment services that focus beyond just mitigation of substance use and psychiatric and medical symptoms but also address other health behaviors. Because clinical management of HIV/AIDS has shifted significantly with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) in the mid 1990's, a literature review focusing on literature published since 2000, and using relevant key words was conducted using a wide range of literature search databases. This literature review was complemented by studies to expand on specific treatment modalities for which there was a dearth of literature addressing HIV infected cohorts and to provide discussion of issues around substance abuse treatment as an HIV prevention tool. Existing models of substance abuse treatment including cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing have proven to be useful for enhancing adherence and reducing substance use in outpatient populations, while methadone maintenance and directly observed treatment have been useful with specific subgroups of users. Contextualization of services heightens the likelihood of successful outcomes and relapse prevention.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Aging and HIV/AIDS: Neurocognitive Implications for Older HIV-Positive Latina/o Adults

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    机译 衰老和艾滋病毒/艾滋病：艾滋病毒阳性拉丁裔/ o成年人的神经认知意义
    摘要：In recent years, HIV/AIDS populations have become older and increasingly more ethnically diverse. Concurrently, the prevalence of HIV-related neurocognitive (NC) impairment remains high. This study examined the effects of age and ethnicity on NC function in HIV-positive adults. The sample (N = 126; 84 Latina/o and 42 Non-Hispanic White) completed a comprehensive NC battery. Global NC and domain average demographically-corrected t-scores were generated. There were no significant differences between Younger (<50 years) Latina/os and non-Hispanic Whites on Global NC function or NC domains (all p's >.10), with generally small effect sizes. Older Latina/os (≥50 years) were significantly more impaired than Older Non-Hispanic Whites on processing speed and learning, with trends in Global NC function and memory. Further, effect sizes fell within the medium to large range (Cohen's d's = .49–1.15). This study suggests that older Latina/os are at potentially greater risk for NC impairment, particularly in processing speed and learning, when compared to similarly-aged non-Hispanic whites.
  • 19.

    【2hr】HIV/AIDS in Older Women: Unique Challenges, Unmet Needs

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    机译 老年妇女的艾滋病毒/艾滋病：独特的挑战，未满足的需求
    摘要：As persons living with HIV/AIDS live longer, both the prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in older women is expected to increase, and this review presents a model and review of the extant literature on older women with HIV/AIDS in the United States. Older women are rarely addressed in the discourse about HIV risk and prevention, and their concerns are often missed by risk reduction programs that typically target men and younger adults. Societal biases around aging can compound factors such as stigma and disclosure for older women. Primary care providers are often not recommending routine HIV testing to older women, or addressing the impact of age related physiological changes on risk and sexual health. Many older women may be starting new relationships and the role of relational variables that are specific to this group of women are key in understanding prevention and treatment. Empirical research focused on the needs of older women, and recognition of the diverse composition and needs of this group is needed to inform prevention, intervention and best practices with this population of women.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Biopsychosocial Aspects of HIV and Aging

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    机译 艾滋病毒和老龄化的生物社会心理方面
    摘要：
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