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  • 1.

    【2hr】Like I Have No Choice: A Qualitative Exploration of HIV Diagnosis and Medical Care Experiences while Incarcerated and their Effects

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    机译 就像我别无选择：对被监禁期间的艾滋病毒诊断和医疗经验及其影响的定性探索
    摘要：It is estimated that one in six Black and Latino adult persons living with HIV (PLWH) spend time in correctional institutions each year. Yet after release, PLWH of color evidence poor HIV health outcomes across the HIV care continuum. This study, guided by an ecological approach and Critical Race Theory, sought to understand the lived experiences of socioeconomically disadvantaged PLWH of color who received an HIV diagnosis and/or medical care while incarcerated, and the ways in which those experiences influenced engagement in medical care after release. Drawn from a larger study in Brooklyn, NY, in 2013-2016, a subset of 28 participants who received in-depth qualitative interviews were purposively sampled for a secondary analysis of participants who received an HIV diagnosis and/or medical care while incarcerated. Using an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, we found participant’s experiences were shaped by longstanding mistrust of the medical establishment. While incarcerated, lack of autonomy, substandard medical care, and poor social support exacerbated medical mistrust and avoidance of HIV medical care long after release. Engagement in HIV medical care and treatment were also impacted by a dynamic interplay of factors including substance use, prolonged periods of denial, poverty, and repeated bouts of incarceration. Given that experiences of HIV diagnosis and medical care while incarcerated have long-ranging, adverse effects, we argue that a better understanding of the ways in which PLWH of color experience HIV diagnosis and medical care while incarcerated may serve to inform intervention efforts within correctional institutions to improve HIV health outcomes.
  • 2.

    【2hr】Human Trafficking Health Research: Progress and Future Directions

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    机译 人口贩运卫生研究：进展和未来方向
    摘要：
  • 3.

    【2hr】Health-Promotion Intervention Increases Self-Reported Physical Activity in Sub-Saharan African University Students: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

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    机译 促进健康的干预措施增加了撒哈拉以南非洲大学生自我报告的体育活动：一项随机对照试验研究
    摘要：To evaluate the efficacy of a health-promotion intervention in increasing self-reported physical activity among university students in Sub-Saharan Africa. Randomly selected second-year students at a university in South Africa were randomized to an intervention based on social cognitive theory: health-promotion, targeting physical activity and fruit, vegetable, and fat consumption; or HIV risk-reduction, targeting sexual-risk behaviors. Participants completed assessments via audio computer-assisted self-interviewing pre-intervention and 6 and 12 months post-intervention. 176 were randomized with 171 (97.2 %) retained 12 months post-intervention. Generalized-estimating-equations analyses indicated that the health-promotion-intervention participants were more likely to meet physical-activity guidelines than were control participants, post-intervention, adjusting for pre-intervention physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.33-8.41). Health-promotion participants reported a greater number of days they did vigorous-intensity (risk ratio [RR] = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.43-2.83) and moderate-intensity (RR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.01-1.95) aerobic activity, but not strength-building activity (RR = 1.37; 95% CI: 0.091-2.07). The intervention reduced self-reported servings of fried foods (mean difference = −0.31; 95% CI: −0.60, −0.02). The findings suggest that theory-based, contextually appropriate interventions may increase physical activity among university students in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • 4.

    【2hr】Personality and its Relation to Mental and Psychosocial Health in Emerging Adult Sexual Minority Men: The P18 Cohort Study

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    机译 新兴成年性少数族裔男子的人格及其与心理和社会心理健康的关系：P18队列研究
    摘要：Personality disorder (PD) and personality pathology encompass a dimension of psychological dysfunction known to severely impact multiple domains of functioning. However, there is a notable dearth of research regarding both the pervasiveness and correlates of personality pathology among young sexual minority males who themselves experience heightened mental health burdens. Using the self-report version of the Standardized Assessment of Personality-Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS-SR) we tested associations between distinct personality characteristics with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors as well as mental health states in a sample of 528 young (age 21–25) sexual minority men. In multivariate analysis, personality traits varied significantly by race/ethnicity. Personality traits were also positively associated with psychosocial states, specifically, internalized anti-homosexual bias, level of connection with the gay community, and male body dissatisfaction, as well as mental health in the form of recent depressive and anxious symptomatology. These findings support the complex synergy which exists between personality characteristics, psychosocial conditions, and mental health burdens present among sexual minority men and support the need for an all-encompassing approach to both the study and care of this population that addresses the influences of both internal and external factors on well being.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Personality Disorders and Psychological Functioning Among Latina Women with Eating Disorders

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    机译 饮食失调的拉丁裔女性中的人格障碍和心理功能
    摘要：Little is known about personality disorders (PD) and comorbidities amongst Latinas with eating disorders (ED). The dysregulation and chronicity of PDs can complicate and augment the symptomatology of EDs. This set of analyses provide a preliminary examination of PD and psychopathology in a sample of Latina women with ED. Participants (N=34) were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM, Eating Disorders Examination, and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III to assess personality pathology, and questionnaires (BDI-II and BSI) to assess psychological functioning. Results indicated the most common clinically significant trait in the sample was Depressive personality (50% of the sample had a score of 75 or higher on this trait). For BN and BED, Avoidant (41%) and Depressive (65%) personalities, respectively, were the most common clinically significant traits. Anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses, and 52.9% of the sample reported both clinically significant PD traits and other major psychopathology. There were no significant differences between the BED and BN groups on prevalence of PD traits and psychopathology. This pilot study highlights the need for further examination of PD and psychopathology in Latinas with ED. Unlike previous research with White women, we found no differences on PD and psychopathology between BED and BN, and the most prevalent PDs among Latinas were different than White women. Personality and psychological functioning should be assessed in all patients with ED, with ongoing research focused on identifying patterns in understudied groups such as Latinas, a practice that may improve treatment for this underserved population.
  • 6.

    【2hr】Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Clinical Health Psychology Practice: Case Studies of Comorbid Psychological Distress and Life-Limiting Illness

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    机译 临床健康心理学实践中的自恋型人格障碍：合并心理困扰和终身病的案例研究
    摘要：Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of grandiosity, fantasies of unlimited power or importance, and the need for admiration or special treatment. Individuals with NPD may experience significant psychological distress related to interpersonal conflict and functional impairment. Research suggests core features of the disorder are associated with poor prognosis in therapy, including slow progress to behavioral change, premature patient-initiated termination, and negative therapeutic alliance. The current manuscript will explore challenges of working with NPD within the context of life-limiting illness for two psychotherapy patients seen in a behavioral health clinic at a large academic health science center. The ways in which their personality disorder affected their illness-experience shared significant overlap characterized by resistance to psychotherapeutic change, inconsistent adherence to medical recommendations, and volatile relationships with providers. In this manuscript we will (1) explore the ways in which aspects of narcissistic personality disorder impacted the patients’ physical health, emotional well-being, and healthcare utilization; (2) describe psychotherapeutic methods that may be useful for optimizing psychosocial, behavioral, and physical well-being in individuals with comorbid NPD and life-limiting disease; and (3) review conceptualizations of NPD from the DSM-5 alternative model for assessing personality function via trait domains.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Behavioral Interventions to Reduce Infections in Pediatric Long-term Care Facilities: The Keep It Clean for Kids Trial

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    机译 减少儿童长期护理机构感染的行为干预措施：保持儿童清洁试验
    摘要：Children in pediatric long-term care facilities (pLTCF) represent a highly vulnerable population and infectious outbreaks occur frequently, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and resource use. The purpose of this quasi-experimental trial using time series analysis was to assess the impact of a 4-year theoretically based behavioral intervention on infection prevention practices and clinical outcomes in three pLTCF (288 beds) in New York metropolitan area including 720 residents, ages 1 day to 26 years with mean lengths of stay: 7.9–33.6 months. The 5-pronged behavioral intervention included explicit leadership commitment, active staff participation, work flow assessments, training staff in the World Health Organization “‘five moments of hand hygiene (HH),” and electronic monitoring and feedback of HH frequency. Major outcomes were HH frequency, rates of infections, number of hospitalizations associated with infections, and outbreaks. Mean infection rates/1000 patient days ranged from 4.1–10.4 pre-intervention and 2.9–10.0 post-intervention. Mean hospitalizations/1000 patient days ranged from 2.3–9.7 before and 6.4–9.8 after intervention. Number of outbreaks/1000 patient days per study site ranged from 9–24 pre- and 9–18 post-intervention (total = 95); number of cases/outbreak ranged from 97–324 (total cases pre-intervention = 591 and post-intervention = 401). Post-intervention, statistically significant increases in HH trends occurred in one of three sites, reductions in infections in two sites, fewer hospitalizations in all sites, and significant but varied changes in the numbers of outbreaks and cases/outbreak. Modest but inconsistent improvements occurred in clinically relevant outcomes. Sustainable improvements in infection prevention in pLTCF will require culture change; increased staff involvement; explicit administrative support; and meaningful, timely behavioral feedback.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Psychosocial obstacles to smoking cessation attempts among young adult sexual minority women who smoke

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    机译 吸烟的年轻成年性少数族裔妇女中尝试戒烟的社会心理障碍
    摘要：Sexual minority women (SMW; i.e., women who identify their sexuality as lesbian, bisexual, or something other than heterosexual) report greater smoking behaviors than their heterosexual counterparts across all ages. We conducted a multivariable regression to examine the correlates of prior smoking cessation attempts and smoking cessation intentions in a sample of young SMW who smoke (N=338; ages 18–24). Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., race/ethnicity, sexual identity, age, urbanity), general (i.e., perceived stress) and sexuality-specific (i.e., internalized homophobia) stressors, as well as smoking attitudes and subjective norms. Bisexual women (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.31) were more likely than lesbian counterparts to report a prior smoking cessation attempt. Prior cessation attempts were associated with less internalized homophobia (OR=.44, 95% CI: .27, .69) and positive attitudes towards smoking (OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.70). Smoking cessation intentions in the next month were negatively associated with being a daily smoker (β=−.14) and attitudes towards smoking (β=−.19). Based on these findings, we underscore the need to address the risk correlates associated with SMW’s quit attempts and include these in cessation interventions.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Using High-Risk Adolescents’ Voices to Develop a Comprehensible CBT-Based Text-Message Program

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    机译 利用高风险青少年的声音开发可理解的基于CBT的文本消息程序
    摘要：At-risk adolescents’ comprehension of, and preferences for, the content of a text-message (SMS) delivered, CBT-based depression prevention intervention was investigated using two qualitative studies. Adolescents with depressive symptoms and a history of peer violence were recruited from an urban emergency department. Forty-one participants completed semi-structured qualitative interviews. Thematic analysis using deductive and inductive codes were used to capture a priori and emerging themes. Five major themes were identified: CBT-based messages resonated with at-risk adolescents; high levels of peer violence, comorbid symptoms, and prior exposure to the mental health system were variables affecting preferred content; participants endorsed emotional regulation messages, but found mindfulness content difficult to understand via SMS; cognitive awareness and restructuring content was most acceptable when framed by self-efficacy content; adolescent participants generated applicable CBT content in their own voices. Overall, CBT-informed content was able to be distilled into 160-character text messages without losing its comprehensibility.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Biopsychosocial Determinants of the Health of Boys and Men Across the Lifespan

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    机译 生命中男孩和男人健康的生物心理社会决定因素
    摘要：
  • 11.

    【2hr】Spirituality Religiosity and Weight Management among African American Adolescent Males: The Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study

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    机译 非洲裔美国青少年男性的精神宗教信仰和体重管理：Jackson Heart KIDS初步研究
    摘要：Spirituality and religion have been identified as important determinants of health for adults; however, the impact of faith-oriented factors on health behaviors and outcomes among African American adolescent males has not been well studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between religiosity and spirituality and obesity-related behaviors among 12–19 year old African American males (N=105) in the Jackson Heart Kids Pilot Study. Key variables of interest are church attendance, prayer, daily spirituality, weight status, attempts to lose weight, nutrition, physical activity, and stress. Daily spirituality is associated with whether or not an individual attempts to lose weight. The results from logistic regression models suggest that daily spirituality increases the odds that African American male adolescents attempt to lose weight (OR=1.22, CI: 1.07–1.41) and have a history of diet-focused weight management (OR=1.13, CI: 1.02–1.26). Future studies are needed to further explore the association between religion, spirituality and obesity-related behaviors.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Tele-Interpersonal Psychotherapy Acutely Reduces Depressive Symptoms in Depressed HIV-Infected Rural Persons: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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    机译 远程人际心理治疗可急性减少抑郁症患者感染艾滋病毒的农村人口的抑郁症状：一项随机临床试验
    摘要：HIV-positive rural individuals carry a 1.3 times greater risk of a depressive diagnosis than their urban counterparts. This randomized clinical trial tested whether telephone-administered interpersonal psychotherapy (tele-IPT) acutely relieved depressive symptoms in 132 HIV-infected rural persons from 28 states diagnosed with DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), partially remitted MDD, or Dysthymic Disorder. Patients were randomized to either 9 sessions of one-on-one tele-IPT (n=70) or standard care (SC; n=62). A series of intent-to-treat (ITT), therapy completer, and sensitivity analyses assessed changes in depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems, and social support from pre- through post-intervention. Across all analyses, tele-IPT patients reported significantly lower depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems than SC controls; 22% of tele-IPT patients were categorized as a priori “responders” who reported ≥50% reductions in depressive symptoms compared to only 4% of SC controls in ITT analyses. Brief tele-IPT acutely decreased depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems in depressed rural people living with HIV.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Barriers to HIV Medication Adherence: Examining Distinct Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Women Living with HIV Who Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse

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    机译 艾滋病毒药物依从性的障碍：在经历过儿童性虐待的艾滋病毒携带妇女中检查明显的焦虑和抑郁症状
    摘要：Experiencing sexual violence in childhood or adolescence is highly prevalent among some women living with HIV, often resulting in anxiety and depression symptoms in adulthood. Anxiety and depression have been associated with HIV medication nonadherence, yet little research has assessed distinct components of anxiety and depression as risk factors of HIV medication nonadherence. The current study examined distinct symptom components of anxiety and depression as predictors of HIV medication nonadherence among women living with HIV and childhood sexual abuse enrolled in a coping intervention. This secondary analysis included a sample of 85 women living with HIV and childhood sexual abuse and being prescribed antiretroviral medication who completed measures on anxiety, depression, and medication adherence. Results from a logistic regression analysis suggest that distinct components of anxiety may be related to medication nonadherence among this population. Targeted mental health interventions for this population may increase adherence to antiretroviral medication.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Distress Tolerance as a Correlate of Tobacco Dependence and Motivation: Incremental Relations over and above Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms

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    机译 作为与烟草依赖和动机相关的耐受性：除焦虑和抑郁症状外的增量关系
    摘要：Distress tolerance—the capacity to withstand distressing states—is implicated in the etiology of regular smoking. The present study extends past resarch by examining whether relations between perceived distress tolerance and smoking-related factors: (1) differ across subdimensions of distress tolerance (Tolerance, Appraisal, Regulation, Absorption); (2) extend across measures of dependence, negative reinforcement smoking, and craving; and (3) are incremental to depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results showed that global distress tolerance was associated with measures of dependence, negative reinforcement, and craving even after controlling for affective symptomatology. Subdimensions of distress tolerance were not uniquely related to smoking outcomes in unadjusted or adjusted models. These findings suggest that: (a) distress tolerance is uniquely implicated in smoking over and above affective symptomatology; and (b) specific subdimensions of distress tolerance do not provide more information about smoking-related characteristics than global dimensions; and (c) addressing distress tolerance in smoking cessation interventions may promote successful cessation.
  • 15.

    【2hr】Predicting Incongruence between Self-Reported and Documented Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Sample of African American Medicare Recipients

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    机译 预测非裔美国医疗保险接受者样本中自我报告和记录的结肠直肠癌筛查之间的不一致
    摘要：Assessments of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates typically rely on self-reported screening data, which are often incongruent with medical records. We used multilevel models to examine health-related, socio-demographic and psychological predictors of incongruent self-reports for CRC screening among Medicare-insured African Americans (N = 3740). Results indicated that living alone decreased, and income increased, the odds of congruently self-reporting endoscopic CRC screening. Being male and having greater number of comorbidities decreased, and having less than a high school education increased, the odds of congruently self-reported fecal occult blood tests. Living alone, age and income had the most robust effects across classifications into one of four mutually exclusive categories defined by screening status (screened/unscreened) and congruence of self-reports. The results underscore the clinical importance of gathering socio-demographic data via patient interviews, and the relevance of these data for judging the veracity of self-reported CRC screenings behaviors.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Effect of Different Meditation Types on Migraine Headache Medication Use

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    机译 不同冥想类型对偏头痛治疗药物使用的影响
    摘要：Spiritual meditation has been found to reduce the frequency of migraines and physiological reactivity to stress. However, little is known about how introducing a spirituality component into a meditation intervention impacts analgesic medication usage. In this study, 92 meditation naïve participants were randomly assigned to four groups (Spiritual Meditation (N=25), Internally Focused Secular Meditation (N=23), Externally Focused Secular Meditation (N=22), Progressive Muscle Relaxation (N=22)) and practiced their technique for 20min/day over 30 days while completing daily diaries. Headache frequency, headache severity, and pain medication use were assessed. Migraine frequency decreased in the Spiritual Meditation group compared to other groups (p<.05). Headache severity ratings did not differ across groups (p=NS). After adjusting for headache frequency, migraine medication usage decreased in the Spiritual Meditation group compared to other groups (p<.05). Spiritual Meditation was found to not affect pain sensitivity, but it does improve pain tolerance with reduced headache related analgesic medication usage.
  • 17.

    【2hr】Social Network Assessments and Interventions for Health Behavior Change: A Critical Review

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    机译 社会网络评估和健康行为改变的干预措施：批判性审查
    摘要：Social networks provide a powerful approach for health behavior change. This article documents how social network interventions have been successfully utilized for a range of health behaviors including HIV risk practices, smoking, exercise, dieting, family planning, bullying, and mental health. We review the literature that suggests relationship between health behaviors and social network attributes demonstrate a high degree of specificity. The article then examines hypothesized social influence mechanisms including social norms, modeling, and social rewards and the factors of social identity and social rewards that can be employed to sustain social network interventions. Areas of future research avenues are highlighted, including the need to examine and analytically adjust for contamination and social diffusion, social influence versus differential affiliation, and network change. Use and integration of mhealth and face-to-face networks for promoting health behavior change are also critical research areas.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Socioeconomic Status Subjective Social Status and Perceived Stress: Associations with Stress Physiology and Executive Functioning

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    机译 社会经济地位主观社会地位和感知压力：与​​压力生理和执行功能的关联
    摘要：Several studies have investigated associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and indicators of children’s physiological and cognitive self-regulation. Although objective measures of family SES may be good proxies for families’ experiences of disadvantage, less is known about subjective aspects of families’ experiences. We hypothesize that subjective social status (SSS) and perceived stress may be important independent predictors of children’s stress physiology and executive functioning (EF). Eighty-two children from diverse SES backgrounds were administered EF measures and provided saliva samples for cortisol assay. Caregivers reported on objective SES, SSS, and perceived stress. Results suggest that SES and SSS are both independently and positively related to EF. In models predicting stress physiology, higher perceived stress was associated with lower baseline cortisol. Moreover, SES and age interacted to predict cortisol levels such that among younger children, lower SES was associated with higher cortisol whereas among older children, lower SES was associated with lower cortisol. Results highlight the importance of considering both objective and subjective indicators of families' SES and stressful experiences in relation to multiple aspects of children's self-regulation.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Sexual Health Risk and the Movement of Women between Disadvantaged Communities and Local Jails

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    机译 性健康风险与弱势社区与地方监狱之间的妇女流动
    摘要：Drawing on cross-sectional data collected in three Kansas City jails, our objective was to describe the social, neighborhood-based context of sexual health risk prior to incarceration for 290 women. Half of the participants were clustered in Kansas City's urban core before their incarceration. Women who lived in these neighborhoods, which had the highest density of our incarcerated participants, were three times as likely to report a history of trading sex for money, drugs, or life necessities, compared to women who lived elsewhere in the city. Living in a neighborhood that was perceived to have low social capital was also associated with sexually transmitted infection history. Gaining an understanding of these social influences in women's lives—particularly at the neighborhood level—provides key insights that will allow future interventions to change the health outcomes of women who move between disadvantaged communities and local jails.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Economic stress and cortisol among postpartum low-income Mexican American women: buffering influence of family support

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    机译 产后低收入墨西哥裔美国妇女的经济压力和皮质醇：缓冲家庭支持的影响
    摘要：Low-income Mexican American women experience significant health disparities during the postpartum period. Contextual stressors, such as economic stress, are theorized to affect health via dysregulated cortisol output. However, cultural protective factors including strong family support may buffer the impact of stress. In a sample of 322 low-income Mexican American women (mother age 18–42; 84% Spanish-speaking; modal family income $10,000–$15,000), we examined the interactive influence of economic stress and family support at 6 weeks postpartum on maternal cortisol output (AUCg) during a mildly challenging mother-infant interaction task at 12 weeks postpartum, controlling for 6 week maternal cortisol and depressive symptoms. The interaction significantly predicted cortisol output such that higher economic stress predicted higher cortisol only among women reporting low family support. These results suggest that family support is an important protective resource for postpartum Mexican American women experiencing elevated economic stress.
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