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  • 1.

    【2hr】Personality Disorders and Health: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

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    机译 人格障碍与健康：经验教训和未来方向
    摘要：
  • 2.

    【2hr】Delineating the Interplay of Personality Disorders and Health

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    机译 描绘人格障碍与健康的相互作用
    摘要：
  • 3.

    【2hr】Interactive Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity and Subjective Social Status on Psychological Symptomatology in Black Adults

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    机译 焦虑敏感性和主观社会地位对黑人成年人心理症状的互动影响
    摘要：Anxiety sensitivity is the fear of anxiety-related sensations and subjective social status is a self-perception of social standing relative to others: both constructs have been linked to psychological symptomatology. This study investigated the interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity and social status in relation to anxiety and depressive symptomatology expression among 124 Black adults. Participants provided sociodemographics and completed self-report questionnaires. The interactive associations between anxiety sensitivity and social status on anxiety symptomatology and depressive symptomatology were examined with hierarchical linear regressions adjusted for sociodemographics and negative affectivity. Significant interactions between anxiety sensitivity and social status were evident only for anxiety symptoms: specifically, the association between anxiety sensitivity and anxiety symptoms was much stronger for individuals with lower (versus higher) subjective social status. Black adults with this higher anxiety sensitivity/lower social status phenotype may be at heightened risk for the expression of anxiety symptomatology, and may benefit from interventions to reduce anxiety sensitivity.
  • 4.

    【2hr】A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction for HIV-Associated Chronic Pain

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    机译 以正念为基础的缓解与艾滋病相关的慢性疼痛的混合方法试验研究
    摘要：Treatment guidelines for chronic pain recommend non-pharmacologic modalities as part of a comprehensive management plan. Chronic pain is common among people living with HIV/AIDS, but there is little data to guide the choice of non-pharmacologic therapies in this complex population. We performed a mixed-methods feasibility study of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) versus health education control with 32 inner city, HIV-infected participants. Outcome measures included: the Brief Pain Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, HIV Symptoms Index, autonomic function testing, and audiotaped focus groups. Post-intervention, participants reported modest improvements in pain measures and perceived stress, but no effect of group assignment was observed. At 3-month follow-up, 79% of MBSR participants were still practicing, and pain intensity was improved, whereas in the control group pain intensity had worsened. Qualitative analysis revealed a strong sense of community in both groups, but only MBSR was perceived as useful for relaxation and pain relief.
  • 5.

    【2hr】Biopsychosocial Determinants of the Health of Boys and Men Across the Lifespan

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    机译 生命中男孩和男人健康的生物心理社会决定因素
    摘要：
  • 6.

    【2hr】Spirituality, Religiosity, and Weight Management among African American Adolescent Males: The Jackson Heart KIDS Pilot Study

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    机译 非洲裔美国青少年男性的精神，宗教信仰和体重管理：Jackson Heart KIDS初步研究
    摘要：Spirituality and religion have been identified as important determinants of health for adults; however, the impact of faith-oriented factors on health behaviors and outcomes among African American adolescent males has not been well studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between religiosity and spirituality and obesity-related behaviors among 12–19 year old African American males (N=105) in the Jackson Heart Kids Pilot Study. Key variables of interest are church attendance, prayer, daily spirituality, weight status, attempts to lose weight, nutrition, physical activity, and stress. Daily spirituality is associated with whether or not an individual attempts to lose weight. The results from logistic regression models suggest that daily spirituality increases the odds that African American male adolescents attempt to lose weight (OR=1.22, CI: 1.07–1.41) and have a history of diet-focused weight management (OR=1.13, CI: 1.02–1.26). Future studies are needed to further explore the association between religion, spirituality and obesity-related behaviors.
  • 7.

    【2hr】Barriers to HIV Medication Adherence: Examining Distinct Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Women Living with HIV Who Experienced Childhood Sexual Abuse

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    机译 艾滋病毒药物依从性的障碍：在经历过儿童性虐待的艾滋病毒携带妇女中检查明显的焦虑和抑郁症状
    摘要：Experiencing sexual violence in childhood or adolescence is highly prevalent among some women living with HIV, often resulting in anxiety and depression symptoms in adulthood. Anxiety and depression have been associated with HIV medication nonadherence, yet little research has assessed distinct components of anxiety and depression as risk factors of HIV medication nonadherence. The current study examined distinct symptom components of anxiety and depression as predictors of HIV medication nonadherence among women living with HIV and childhood sexual abuse enrolled in a coping intervention. This secondary analysis included a sample of 85 women living with HIV and childhood sexual abuse and being prescribed antiretroviral medication who completed measures on anxiety, depression, and medication adherence. Results from a logistic regression analysis suggest that distinct components of anxiety may be related to medication nonadherence among this population. Targeted mental health interventions for this population may increase adherence to antiretroviral medication.
  • 8.

    【2hr】Predicting Incongruence between Self-Reported and Documented Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Sample of African American Medicare Recipients

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    机译 预测非裔美国医疗保险接受者样本中自我报告和记录的结肠直肠癌筛查之间的不一致
    摘要：Assessments of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates typically rely on self-reported screening data, which are often incongruent with medical records. We used multilevel models to examine health-related, socio-demographic and psychological predictors of incongruent self-reports for CRC screening among Medicare-insured African Americans (N = 3740). Results indicated that living alone decreased, and income increased, the odds of congruently self-reporting endoscopic CRC screening. Being male and having greater number of comorbidities decreased, and having less than a high school education increased, the odds of congruently self-reported fecal occult blood tests. Living alone, age and income had the most robust effects across classifications into one of four mutually exclusive categories defined by screening status (screened/unscreened) and congruence of self-reports. The results underscore the clinical importance of gathering socio-demographic data via patient interviews, and the relevance of these data for judging the veracity of self-reported CRC screenings behaviors.
  • 9.

    【2hr】Smoking-Specific Experiential Avoidance is Indirectly Associated with Trait Worry and Smoking Processes among Treatment-Seeking Smokers

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    机译 特定于吸烟的经验回避与寻求治疗的吸烟者的性格忧虑和吸烟过程间接相关
    摘要：Limited work has examined worry, or apprehensive anticipation about future negative events, in terms of smoking. One potential explanatory factor is the tendency to respond inflexibly and with avoidance in the presence of smoking-related distress (smoking-specific experiential avoidance). Participants (n = 465) were treatment-seeking daily smokers. Cross-sectional (pre-treatment) self-report data were utilized to assess trait worry, smoking-specific experiential avoidance, and four smoking criterion variables: nicotine dependence, motivational aspects of quitting, perceived barriers to smoking cessation, and severity of problematic symptoms reported in past quit attempts. Trait worry was significantly associated with greater levels of nicotine dependence, motivation to quit smoking, perceived barriers for smoking cessation, more severe problems while quitting in the past; associations occurred indirectly through higher levels of smoking-specific experiential avoidance. Findings provide initial support for the potential role of smoking-specific experiential avoidance in explaining variable in the association between trait worry and a variety of smoking processes.
  • 10.

    【2hr】Examining How Adding a Booster to a Behavioral Nutrition Intervention Prompts Parents to Pack More Vegetables and Whole Gains in Their Preschool Children's Sack Lunches

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    机译 研究如何在行为营养干预中添加助推器，促使父母在学龄前儿童的便当中打包更多蔬菜和整顿水果
    摘要：Data from a five-week intervention to increase parents' packing of vegetables and whole grains in their preschool children's sack lunches showed that, although changes occurred, habit strength was weak. To determine the effects of adding a one-week booster three months post-intervention, children's (N = 59 intervention and 48 control) lunches were observed at baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 6), pre-booster (week 20), and post-booster (week 26). Servings of vegetables and whole grains were evaluated in repeated measures models and results inspected relative to patterns projected from different explanatory models of behavior change processes. Observed changes aligned with projections from the simple associative model of behavior change. Attention in future studies should focus on behavioral intervention elements that leverage stimulus-response associations to increase gratification parents receive from providing their children with healthy lunches.
  • 11.

    【2hr】Patterns of Adherence to Oral Hypoglycemic Agents and Glucose Control among Primary Care Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

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    机译 2型糖尿病基层医疗患者对口服降糖药的依从性和血糖控制模式
    摘要：We sought to examine whether there are patterns of oral hypoglycemic agent adherence among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes that are related to patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. Longitudinal analysis via growth curve mixture modeling was carried out to classify 180 patients who participated in an adherence intervention according to patterns of adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents across 12 weeks. Three patterns of change in adherence were identified: adherent, increasing adherence, and nonadherent. Global cognition and intervention condition were associated with pattern of change in adherence (p<0.05). Patients with an increasing adherence pattern were more likely to have an Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7% (adjusted odds ratio = 14.52, 95% CI [2.54, 82.99]) at 12 weeks in comparison with patients with the nonadherent pattern. Identification of patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of nonadherence is important for clinical prognosis and the development and delivery of interventions.
  • 12.

    【2hr】Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Black American Men: Moderated-Mediation Effects of Ethnicity and Self-Esteem

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    机译 美国黑人男子的歧视和抑郁症状：种族和自尊的中介调节作用
    摘要：Discrimination is related to depression and poor self-esteem among Black men. Poorer self-esteem is also associated with depression. However, there is limited research identifying how self-esteem may mediate the associations between discrimination and depressive symptoms for disparate ethnic groups of Black men. The purpose of this study was to examine ethnic groups as a moderator of the mediating effects of self-esteem on the relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms among a nationally representative sample of African American (n=1,201) and Afro-Caribbean American men (n=545) in the National Survey of American Life. Due to cultural socialization differences, we hypothesized that self-esteem would mediate the associations between discrimination and depressive symptoms only for African American men, but not Afro-Caribbean American men. Moderated-mediation regression analyses indicated that the conditional indirect effects of discrimination on depressive symptoms through self-esteem were significant for African American men, but not for Afro-Caribbean men. Our results highlight important ethnic differences among Black men.
  • 13.

    【2hr】Using the Bem and Klein Grid Scores to Predict Health Services Usage by Men

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    机译 使用Bem和Klein网格分数预测男性的医疗服务使用情况
    摘要：We examined the association between scores on the Bem Sex Roles Inventory (BSRI), Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG) and utilization of hospital inpatient services, emergency departments, and outpatient clinic visits in the past 12 months among 53 men (mean age 39 years). The femininity subscale score on the BSRI, ever having had gonorrhea and age were the three variables identified in a multivariate linear regression significantly predicting use of total health services. This supports the hypothesis that sex roles can assist our understanding of men’s use of health services.
  • 14.

    【2hr】Masculinity and race-related factors as barriers to health help-seeking barriers among African-American men

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    机译 男子气概和种族相关因素成为非裔美国人寻求健康帮助的障碍
    摘要：Men’s tendency to delay health help-seeking is largely attributed to masculinity, but findings scarcely focus on African-American men who face additional race-related, help-seeking barriers. Building principally on reactance theory, we test a hypothesized model situating racial discrimination, masculinity norms salience, everyday racism (ERD), racial identity (RI), sense of control (SOC) and depressive symptomatology as key barriers to African-American men’s health help-seeking. 458 African-American men were recruited primarily from U.S. barbershops in the Western and Southern regions. The primary outcome was Barriers to Help-Seeking Scale (BHSS) scores. The hypothesized model was investigated with confirmatory factor and path analysis with tests for measurement invariance. Our model fit was excellent χ2(4,N = 457) = 3.84, p > .05; CFI = .99; TLI = 1.00; RMSEA = .00, and 90% CI [.00, .07] and operated equivalently across different age, income, and education strata. Frequent ERD and higher MNS contributed to higher BHHS scores. The relationship between ERD exposure and BHHS scores was partially mediated by diminished SOC and greater depressive symptomatology. Interventions aimed at addressing African-American men’s health help-seeking should not only address masculinity norms, but also threats to sense of control, and negative psychological sequelae induced by everyday racism.
  • 15.

    【2hr】A Multilevel Analysis of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Transactional Sex with Casual Partners among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men Living in Metro Detroit

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    机译 与居住在底特律的男性发生性关系的年轻人之间的邻里社会经济劣势和与性伴侣的交易性行为的多层次分析
    摘要：The role of structural factors when evaluating the vulnerability of HIV/STI risks among young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men is an important area of focus for HIV prevention. Using cross-sectional data from young men living in Metro Detroit. (N=319; ages 18–29; 50% Black, 25% White, 15% Latino, 9% Other Race/Ethnicity; 9% HIV-positive), we examined whether transactional sex with casual partners was associated with neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and individual-level factors (race/ethnicity and sexual identity, socioeconomic status, HIV/STI diagnoses, and substance use). Youth living in greater socioeconomic disadvantage reported more transactional sex (b=.11; SE=.04; p≤.01). This relationship was mitigated once individual-level correlates were entered into the model. Multi-level efforts to counteract socioeconomic deficits through community and individual level strategies may alleviate youth’s exposure to transactional sex and reduce their vulnerability to HIV/STI risks.
  • 16.

    【2hr】Biopsychosocial Approaches to Men’s Health Disparities Research and Policy

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    机译 男性健康差异研究和政策的生物心理学方法
    摘要：
  • 17.

    【2hr】The Integrated Attachment and Sexual Minority Stress Model: Understanding the Role of Adult Attachment in the Health and Well-being of Sexual Minority Men

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    机译 依恋和性少数群体综合压力模型：了解成年依恋在性少数男人健康和福祉中的作用
    摘要：Gay and bisexual boys and men experience social stigma associated with their sexual minority status that can negatively influence health. In addition, experiencing sexual orientation stigma may be linked to a decreased capacity to effectively form and maintain secure attachment relationships with parents, peers and romantic partners across the life-course. We proposed that utilizing a framework that integrates the process by which sexual minority men develop attachment relationships in the context of sexual minority stress can lead to a better understanding of health and well-being among sexual minority men. In addition, we highlight where future research can expand upon the presented model in order to better understand the developmental processes through which attachment and sexual minority stress influences health and health behaviors among sexual minority young adult men.
  • 18.

    【2hr】Latent Classes among Recipients of a Brief Alcohol Intervention: A Replication Analysis

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    机译 短暂酒精干预的接受者中的潜在类别：复制分析
    摘要：The purpose of this study was to identify differential improvement in alcohol use among injured patients following brief intervention. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patient profiles based on alcohol-related risk from two clinical trials (Texas: N=737; Maryland: N=250) conducted in Level-1 trauma centers. Drinking was analyzed to detect improvements at six and 12 months. The four classes that emerged from Maryland participants were similar to four of the five classes from Texas. Increases in both studies for days abstinent were reported by classes characterized by multiple risks and minimal risks. Decreases in volume consumed for both studies were also reported by classes characterized by multiple risks and minimal risks. By classifying patients according to alcohol-related risk, providers may be able to build on positive prognoses for drinking improvements or adapt interventions to better serve those likely to improve less.
  • 19.

    【2hr】Optimal treatment adherence counseling outcomes for people living with HIV and limited health literacy

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    机译 为艾滋病毒感染者和有限的健康知识人群提供最佳治疗依从性咨询结果
    摘要：Limited health literacy has been shown to contribute to poor health, including poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV/AIDS, over and above other indicators of social disadvantage and poverty. Given the mixed results of previous interventions for people with HIV and low health literacy, investigating possible targets for improved adherence is warranted. The present study aims to identify the correlates of optimal and suboptimal outcomes among participants of a recent skills-based medication adherence intervention (Kalichman et al., 2013). Participants included in this secondary analysis were 188 men and women living with HIV who had low health literacy as determined by scoring ≤90% on a test of health literacy and had complete viral load data for baseline and follow-up. Participants completed physical, psychosocial and literacy measures using computerized interviews. Adherence was assessed by unannounced pill count and follow-up viral loads were assessed by blood draw. Results showed that higher levels of health literacy and lower levels of alcohol use were the strongest predictors of achieving HIV viral load optimal outcomes. The interplay between lower health literacy and alcohol use on adherence should be the focus of future research.
  • 20.

    【2hr】Cancer risk awareness and concern among women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer

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    机译 有乳腺癌或卵巢癌家族史的女性对癌症的风险意识和关注
    摘要：Women with a documented deleterious mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at substantially elevated risk for ovarian cancer. To understand what percentage of women with high risk family histories know their risk is elevated we surveyed 1,885 women with a high or moderate risk family history and no personal history of breast or ovarian cancer, and asked about their perceived risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Among high-risk women, fewer than 20% reported use of genetic counseling, and knowledge of elevated risk of ovarian cancer was low. Prior genetic counseling was associated with greater perceived risk for ovarian cancer. Results suggest that most high-risk women (> 75%) do not know their risk for ovarian cancer. Identification of potentially high-risk women for referral to genetic counseling may improve informed ovarian cancer risk management.
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