高龄住院患者跌倒及相关性骨折情况的调查

摘要

目的 调查高龄住院患者跌倒相关性骨折的发生情况,为临床工作提供依据.方法 自行设计问卷,对732例高龄住院患者进行跌倒及相关性骨折发生情况的调查,并结合临床资料进行分析.结果 (1)732例高龄住院患者发生跌倒312例,男152例,女160例,跌倒高发时段为6:00~18:00,无陪护177例,有陪护137例,不同性别高龄患者跌倒发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.28,P>0.05).(2)跌倒常见诱因:滑倒101例(32.37%),踩空或坐空54例(17.31%),改变体位致眩晕54例(17.31%).(3)跌倒地点分布:医院内室外区域130例(41.67 %),病室内182例(58.33%),其中病床边84例(26.92%),卫生间61例(19.55%).(4)骨折情况:发生跌倒相关性骨折93例,其中女57例(16.43%),男36例(9.35%),年龄80~92岁,平均年龄(85.2±5.0)岁.髋部骨折22例(23.66%),腰椎骨折17例(18.28%),腕部骨折14例(15.05%),肋骨骨折12例(12.90%),肱骨下端骨折8例(8.60%),髌骨骨折5例(5.38 %),其他部位15例(16.13%).结论 高龄患者跌倒性骨折的主要诱因是滑倒、踩空、眩晕无力;主要场所是病室、卫生间、室外;主要骨折部位是髋部、腕部和腰椎 骨折发生率女性高于男性,应加强防控.%Objective To investigate the incidence of falls - related fractures in elderly hospitalized patients. Methods A questionnaire was designed to investigate the occurrence of falling and related fractures in 732 elderly patients,and the clinical data were analyzed. Results (1) There were 312 falls in 732 hospitalized elderly patients,152 males and 160 females. The high incidence of falls ranged from 6:00 to 18:00,177 unaccompanied patients and 137 accompanied patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of falls between different genders(χ2=3.28, P>0.05).(2)The common causes of falls were slipping in 101 cases(32.37%),stepping or sitting empty in 54 cases(17.31%)and vertigo caused by changing position in 54 cases(17.31%).(3)Distribution of falls: 130 cases(41.67%)inside and outside the hospital,182 cases(58.33%)inside the ward,84 cases(26.92%)beside the hospital bed,61 cases(19.55%)in the toilet.(4)Fracture status:93 cases of fall-related fractures occurred, of which 57 cases were female(16.43%)and 36 cases were male(9.35%). The age ranged from 80 to 92 years,with an average age of(85.2±5.0) years. There were 22 hip fractures(23.66%),17 lumbar fractures(18.28%),14 wrist fractures(15.05%),12 rib fractures(12.90%),8 lower humeral fractures(8.60%),5 patellar fractures(5.38%)and 15 other fractures(16.13%). Conclusion The main causes of the fall fracture in elderly patient are slipping,falling,and dizziness. The main places are the sick room,the toilet and outdoor. The main fractures sites are hip,wrist,and lumbar spine. The incidence of fracture in females is higher than that in males,so prevention and control should be strengthened.