额尔齐斯河5种土著鱼肌肉氨基酸组成及营养比较

摘要

[目的]对新疆额尔齐斯河5种达到商品鱼规格的土著鱼:北极茴(Thymallus arcticus)、江鳕(Lota lota)、丁鲑(Tinca tinca)、白斑狗鱼((Esox lucius)、河鲈(Perca fluviatilis)的肌肉18种氨基酸含量进行了测定,并对其营养价值进行评估.[方法]酸水解法与碱水解法.[结果]5种鱼氨基酸总量介于82.65％～59.37％间,其中北极茴鱼含量显著低于其他种;8种必需氨基酸质量分数为53.52％～39.95％,除丁鲑和白斑狗鱼外,其他种间差异显著;鲜味氨基酸含量在34.99％～26.37％,北极茴和丁鲑含量显著低于其他种.与WHO/FAO模式谱相比较,5种鱼的必需氨基酸含量符合度好,氨基酸比值系数分为93.27％～83.33％.[结论]5种野生土著鱼氨基酸含量丰富,必需氨基酸比例平衡,鲜味氨基酸比值高.以氨基酸比值系数分为参比来看,在满足商品鱼规格时,5种鱼营养价值顺序为丁鲑>白斑狗鱼>河鲈>北极茴>江鳕.%[Objective] To determine the contents of 18 kinds of amino acids in muscle of Tinca tinca,Esox lucius,Perca fluviatilis,Thymallus arcticus and Lota lota living in the Irtysh River and evaluate the nutritional quality.[Method]Using acid hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis.[Result]Their total amino acids composition vary from 82.65％to 59.37,of which Thymallus arcticus was lower than the others signally;Mass fraction of essential amino acids varied from 53.52％to 39.95％,except Tinca tinca and Esox lucius,the other three species showed a remarkable difference;Delicious amino acids composition varied from 34.99％to 26.37％,of which Thymallus arcticus and Tinca tinca were lower than the others notably.Compared with the ideal pattern of WHO/FAO,they showed a fine fitness of the essential amino acids composition in the five fishes.RC of the five fishes was 93.27％-83.33％.[Conclusion]These five kinds of fish contain rich amino acids and a balanced essential amino acids proportion,and they also have a high proportion of delicious amino acids.The nutritional value order of the five kinds of fish is: Tinca tinca>Esox lucius>Erca fluviatilis>Thymallus arcticus>Lota lota evaluated by the ratio of amino acid to the reference point and in the meanwhile they reach the specification of commercial fish.