重庆市学龄前儿童乳牙龋状况及影响因素分析

摘要

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence and related factors of deciduous caries in 3–5-yearold preschool children in Chongqing city.Results will be used to provide a basis for the establishment and adjustment of prevention and intervention of caries in preschool children.Methods We referred to the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey.Data included caries prevalence in preschool children, and the questionnaires were distributed to children' parents in Chongqing city.Results were inputted by Epidata 3.1 and statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.0.Results A total of 1 350 preschool children were included in the study.We found that maxillary deciduous central incisor and mandibular deciduous molars were susceptible to decay.The prevalence of primary teeth caries in preschool children in Chongqing city was 51.4％ (694/1 350).The mean decayed-missingfilled-teeth (dmft) index was 2.34.The caries prevalence and mean dmft between age groups were statistically significant (P＜0.01) and increased with age (P＜0.05).However, except the 5-year-old group (P＜0.05), no significant difference in caries prevalence rate and mean dmft was found between male and female children (P＞0.05).Approximately 61.7％ of caries cases were concentrated in a small number (36.1％) of individuals.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, highest educational level of parents, intake frequency of sweetened beverages and carbonated drinks, toothache or similar discomfort experience over the past year, dentist visits, and parents' assessment of teeth and oral health status of children were the factors influencing the prevalence of deciduous caries (P＜0.05).Conclusion More than half of the preschool children had dental caries.Majority of caries were concentrated in a small number of individuals.The age of children, highest educational level of parents, intake frequency of sweetened beverages and carbonated drinks, toothache or discomfort experience over the past year, dentist visits, and parents' assessment of teeth and oral health status of children were associated with the prevalence of deciduous caries.%目的 探讨重庆市3～5岁学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况及相关影响因素,为学龄前儿童龋病的预防和干预提供相关资料.方法 参考第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查,对重庆市4个区学龄前儿童进行抽样调查,同时对家长进行问卷调查.利用Epidata 3.1和SPSS 21.0软件进行结果录入和统计学分析.结果 共计1 350名学龄前儿童纳入调查分析,口腔检查相关数据显示乳牙龋好发牙位是上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙,乳牙患龋率为51.4％(694/1 350),龋均为2.34,各年龄组间患龋率和龋均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且二者随着年龄增长而上升(P＜0.05).除5岁组男、女龋均有统计学差异外(P＜0.05),其余患龋率和龋均在不同性别间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).61.7％龋坏集中在36.1％个体口腔中.多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、家长的最高学历、甜饮料(包括碳酸饮料等)摄入频率、过去1年是否有牙痛或不适、是否看过牙、牙齿和口腔健康状况自评对乳牙患龋有重要影响(P＜0.05).结论 重庆地区3～5岁儿童超过半数患龋,多数龋齿集中发生在少数患儿口内.乳牙患龋与年龄、家长的最高学历、甜饮料(包括碳酸饮料等)摄入频率、过去1年是否有牙痛或不适、是否看过牙、牙齿和口腔健康状况自评有关.