Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;
Panzhihua Iron and SteelGroupCorp,Panzhihua 617067,China;
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;
heat transfer; stress; mold taper; continuous casting; finite element model;