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材料科学技术：英文版

材料科学技术：英文版

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  • 国内刊号/CN：21-1315/TG
    国际刊号/ISSN：1005-0302
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  • 主管单位：Chinese Society for Metals;Chinese Materials Research Society;Institute of Metal Research. CAS
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材料科学技术：英文版 >2023年第17期

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  • 摘要：Microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC) is becoming a serious problem for buried pipelines. Developing environmentally friendly strategies for MIC control is increasingly urgent in oil/gas pipeline industry.Copper(Cu) in steels can not only provide aging precipitation strengthening, but also kill bacterium,offering a special biofunction to steels. Based on the chemical composition of traditional X80 pipeline steel, two Cu-bearing pipeline steels(1% Cu and 2% Cu) were fabricated in this study. The microstructure,mechanical properties and antibacterial property against sulphate-reducing bacteria(SRB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) were studied. It was found that the novel pipeline steel alloyed by 1%Cu exhibited acicular ferrite microstructure with nano-sized Cu-rich precipitates distribution in the matrix, resulting in better mechanical properties than the traditional X80 steel, and showed good MIC resistance as well. The pitting corrosion resistance of 1% Cu steel in as-aged condition was significantly better than that of X80 steel. A possible antibacterial mechanism of the Cu-bearing pipeline steel was proposed.
  • 摘要：SiO_2–BN ceramic and Ti plate were joined by active brazing in vacuum with Ag–Cu–Ti+BN composite filler.The effect of BN content,brazing temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joints was investigated.The results showed that a continuous Ti N–Ti B_2reaction layer formed adjacent to the SiO_2–BN ceramic,whose thickness played a key role in the bonding properties.Four Ti–Cu compound layers,Ti_2Cu,Ti_3Cu_4,Ti Cu_2and Ti Cu_4,were observed to border Ti substrate due to the strong affinity of Ti and Cu compared with Ag.The central part of the joint was composed of Ag matrix,over which some fine-grains distributed.The added BN particles reacted with Ti in the liquid filler to form fine Ti B whiskers and Ti N particles with low coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE),leading to the reduction of detrimental residual stress in the joint,and thus improving the joint strength.The maximum shear strength of 31 MPa was obtained when 3 wt%BN was added in the composite filler,which was 158%higher than that brazed with single Ag–Cu–Ti filler metal.The morphology and thickness of the reaction layer adjacent to the parent materials changed correspondingly with the increase of BN content,brazing temperature and holding time.Based on the correlation between the microstructural evolution and brazing parameters,the bonding mechanism of SiO_2–BN and Ti was discussed.
  • 摘要：The good combination of mechanical and tribological properties for self-lubricating materials is crucial. In this work, novel self-lubricating Fe-16.4 Mn-4.8 Ni-9.9 Al-xC(wt%) steels containing graphite phase were fabricated using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The compositions of the steels were designed by using thermodynamic calculation, and the effect of carbon addition on the microstructure was further investigated. The steel possesses high hardness of 621 HV, high yield strength of 1437 MPa and good fracture toughness at room temperature. The yield strengths are still above 600 MPa at 600?C.The tribological behavior and mechanical properties from room temperature to 800?C were studied, and the wear mechanisms at elevated temperatures were discussed. The steel has a stable friction coefficient of 0.4 and wear rate in a magnitude of 10^(-6) mm^3/N·m below 600?C. The good tribological properties of the steels were mainly attributed to the high hardness, lubrication of graphite and stable surface oxide layer.
  • 摘要：The present study deals with the effect of cold deformation and subsequent aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Si-Mg alloy.Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that precipitation occurs in the temperature range of 258-272 ℃ for the as quenched wrought alloy.The activation energy value estimated by Kissinger method for the aforesaid precipitation reaction is obtained as 106 kJ/mol.45% cold deformation prior to aging indicates the first dissolution reaction at about 50 ℃ and the precipitation reaction at a temperature of about 82 ℃.Microstructural investigations have revealed the formation of fine precipitates within the matrix after aging of the cold deformed sample.As-quenched alloy reveals prominently the aging response.The increase in hardness,yield and tensile strength with simultaneous decrease in elongation in the deformed alloy is found to be primarily due to the deformation strengthening and not due to the precipitation hardening.
  • 摘要：Constant load tests in NS4 solution purged with N2-5%CO2 gas mixture were conducted on American Petroleum Institute (API) X80 pipeline steel applied in the 2nd West-East Gas Pipeline project with and without preload. The results show that cracks could initiate and propagate in X80 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH environment under a constant load condition. The life of crack initiation and propagation increased with decreasing applied stress. Preload did not change its corrosion behavior obviously. However, preload reduced the time for crack initiation.
  • 摘要：To identify the microstructural features of the lattice structures of Al alloys built via the selective laser melting(SLM)process,AlSil OMg alloy with a body-centered cubic(BCC)-type lattice structure was prepared.Characteristic microstructures comprising melt pools with several columnarα-Al phases withorientations along the elongation direction and surrounded by eutectic Si particles were observed at all portions of the built lattice structure.In the node portions of the lattice structure,a gradient microstructure(continuous change in microstructure)was observed.The columnarα-Al phases were observed near the top surface of the node portion,whereas they became coarser and more equiaxed near the bottom surface,resulting in softening localized near the bottom surface.In the strut portions of the lattice structure,the columnarα-Al phases were elongated along the inclined direction of struts.This trend was more prevalent near the bottom surface.Theα-Al phases became coarser and more equiaxed near the bottom surface as well.The aforementioned results were the basis of a discussion of the development of the gradient microstructure in lattice-structured Al alloys during the SLM process in terms of thermal conductivities at the boundaries between the manufactured(locally melted and rapidly solidified)portions and adjacent(unmelted)alloy powder.
  • 摘要：Present study reports a controllable phase transformation of nickel(Ni) from amorphous to cubic crystal structures on tungsten(W) substrate by electrodeposition. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the microstructure, micro-constituents and surface morphology of as-prepared Ni. The microstructure of Ni was strongly affected by the applied overpotential and deposition time. It is demonstrated that by controlling these two parameters either amorphous or cubic crystal structure of Ni on the W substrate could be obtained. The crystallization mechanism is discussed based on Gibbs crystal growth theory and Ostwald’s rule. It is concluded that W substrate, acting as a heat sink, can effectively promote the thermal stability of amorphous Ni, based on the data from differential scanning calorimetry and Kissinger’s model. This work contributes to the elucidation of the crystallization mechanism of Ni on W powder substrates, and proves that, better than alloying with other elements, incorporating powder substrates will significantly improve the crystallization temperature, hence the thermostability of amorphous Ni.
  • 摘要：Diffusion couples, Fe-6.8 wt% Al-1.0 wt% Si/Fe and Fe-6.3 wt% Al-0.9 wt% Si/Fe were constructed and separately annealed at 1050°C for 3 h and at 1000°C for 64 h. The concentration profiles of Fe, Al and Si atoms in these couples were measured by electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), while the diffusion behavior was also simulated by coupling thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Fe-Al-Si system. The simulation results were in good agreement with the measured concentration profiles showing the validity of dynamic parameters of Fe-Al-Si system. Calculation was made for Fe-7 wt% Al-1 wt% Si/Fe diffusion couples at 1000?C with different diffusion time. Silicon uphill was found under the influence of aluminum.
  • 摘要：The inhibition efficiency of 1,4-bis(2-nitrobenzylidene) thiosemicarbazide(BBTS) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCI was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance methods.Inhibition efficiency(IE),corrosion rate and surface coverage were evaluated at different concentrations of BBTS.The results of the investigation showed that this compound had good inhibiting properties for mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid and BBTS was a mixed-type inhibitor.BBTS chemisorbed at the electrode surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and formed a stable surface complex on the mild steel surface.The synergistic effect of halide ion in acid solution suggested a co-adsorption of BBTS inhibitor by the adsorbed iodide ion.
  • 摘要：A heat treatment process,quenching-tempering-partitioning(Q-T-P),has been applied to a low carbon martensitic stainless steel 06Cr13Ni4 Mo.By using this process,ultrafine reversed austenite can be obtained at room temperature.The microstructures of the reversed austenite and the martensite matrix were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)in detail.The results show that the ultrafine reversed austenite is enriched in Ni resulting in the austenite stability at room temperature.Two new types of nano-scale carbide precipitates are found in the martensite matrix.Detailed analysis suggests that the two nano-scale precipitates can be identified asω phase and λ phase carbides,respectively.The orientation relationship between the ω phase and matrix is[011]α//[2110]ω and(211)α//(0110)ω,while that between the λ phase precipitate and matrix is[011]α//[0001]λ and(200)α//(1210)λ.For the present steel,the ultrafine reversed austenite and carbide precipitates obtained by Q-T-P treatment provide a good combination of high strength and toughness.
  • 摘要：Stable colloidal suspension of magnetite/starch nanocomposite was prepared by a facile and aqueous-based chemical precipitation method.Magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films were subsequently formed upon carbonization of the starch component by heat treatment under controlled conditions.The initial content of native sago starch as the carbon source was found to affect the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the resulted magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films.A specific capacitance of 124 F/g was achieved for the magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films as compared to that of 82 F/g for pure magnetite thin films in Na 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte.
  • 摘要：The requirement for a sustainable and renewable energy has inspired substantial interests in designing and developing earth-abundant and high-effectiveness electrocatalysts/electrodes for fuel cells and metal-air batteries,in which oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)plays a crucial role.Perovskite oxides have acquired rapid attention as ORR electrocatalysts to replace noble-metal-based catalysts owing to their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity,compositional and structural flexibility.Herein,we report a new Sc and P co-doped perovskite oxide(La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.95Sc0.025P0.025O3-δ,LSMSP)as an active and robust electrocatalyst for the ORR in an alkaline solution.LSMSP electrocatalyst shows superior ORR activity and stability than those of pristine La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ(LSM),Sc-doped LSM and P-doped LSM due to the optimized average valence of Mn ions,the large surface area,the smaller particle size and the synergetic effect introduced by the co-doping.Moreover,compared to the benchmark Pt/C electrocatalyst,LSMSP electrocatalyst displays comparable ORR activity and superior durability.These above results suggest that the co-doping strategy of Sc and P into perovskites is a useful method to design high-performance electrocatalysts for the ORR,which can be used in other electrocatalysis-based applications.
  • 摘要：A nickel-based superalloy was deposited onto a single crystal substrate based on epitaxial laser metal forming(E-LMF). The microstructure development in two depositions has been researched. For the first time, the crystal orientation of dendrites varying beyond 20° was found when the dendrites deflected in deposition. In addition, a new grain boundary was found between different orientation dendrites in a grain, and the detected grain boundary angle was 23°. The result shows that flowing field in laser pool is responsible for this phenomenon.
  • 摘要：Functionalization of mesoporous silica spheres with well-dispersed and ultra-small nanodots to exert their synergistic effects for biomedical applications has been considered to be an urgent challenge.Herein,homogeneously incorporation of ultra-small and monodispersed MoS_(2) nanodots in the mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSN)was achieved by a facile one-step solvothermal reaction.The as-synthesized UsMSND@MSN possessed uniform size(~115 nm)and favorable biocompatibility inherited from MSN.The dispersed UsMSND within MSN could act as anchoring sites for aromatic anti-cancer drug DOX loading,and consequently achieved pH-responsive release based on the specialπ-π/electrostatic interactions with the DOX molecules.More importantly,the well-dispersed UsMSND in MSN could function as the non-toxic contrast agent for the sensitive in vivo CT imaging in various tumors including breast cancer and glioma with different sections.This work promises a good strategy for dispersed incorporation of UsMSND into MSN as an excellent pH-responsive platform for simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy.
  • 摘要：Sn Se emerges as one of the most promising Te-free thermoelectric materials due to its strong anharmonicity and multiple valence bands structure.Recently,compositing has been proven effective in optimizing thermoelectric performance of various metal chalcogenides.Herein,a series of Sn Se-x Cu_(2)S(x=0,0.5%,1%,3%,5%)materials have been fabricated via solution synthesis,particle blending,and spark plasma sintering in sequence.After incorporating Cu_(2)S,the materials become Sn Se based composites with Cu doping,S substitution and Cu_(2)Sn Se_(3)secondary phase.We elucidate that the power factor of polycrystalline Sn Se can be tuned and enhanced at varied temperature ranges through adjusting the addition amount of Cu_(2)S.Additionally,the composites achieve suppressed lattice thermal conductivity when compared to Sn Se itself,as the introduced point defects and Sn Se/Cu_(2)Sn Se_(3)interfaces intensify phonon scattering.Consequently,Sn Se-0.5%Cu_(2)S and Sn Se-3%Cu_(2)S achieve a peak z T of 0.70 at 830 K(intermediate temperature range)and a highly increased z T of 0.28 at 473 K(low temperature range),respectively,which are~130%and 200%of values reached by Sn Se at the corresponding temperatures.The study demonstrates that our approach,which combines compositing with elemental doping and substitution,is effective in optimizing the thermoelectric performance of Sn Se at varied temperature ranges.
  • 摘要：ZnO thin films were grown on Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition using a ZnO target.The substrate temperature was varied in the range of room temperature to 800 ℃,and the oxygen partial pressure of 0.1333 Pa (1 m Torr) to 1333 Pa (10 Torr).The properties of the resulting films were investigated by photoluminescence (PL),grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).Based on the ultraviolet (UV,～380 nm) to visible emission ratio in the PL spectrum,the optimum growth conditions were determined to be 600 ℃ and 133.3 Pa (1 Torr),respectively.The oxygen 1s peak in the XPS spectrum was decomposed into two peaks.The peak at lower binding energy increased in intensity with the oxygen partial pressure from 0.1333 Pa (1 m Torr) to 133.3 Pa (1 Torr) while the other peak decreased.The GIXRD curve at the optimum condition showed strong two peaks (002) and (103).A strong correlation between the (103) peak intensity and the UV emission intensity was found.
  • 摘要：The corrosion behavior of copper exposed in a simulated coastal-industrial atmosphere has been investigated using weight loss measurement, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, potentiodynamic polarization and in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) with micro-distance electrodes.The results show that corrosion kinetics follows the empirical equation D = Atn. The main corrosion products are composed of Cu_2O, Cu_2Cl(OH)_3 and Cu_4Cl_2(OH)_6. A two-layer structure comprising a loose outer layer and a compact inner layer forms the corrosion products during corrosion process. SO_2 has been found to promote the formation of Cu_4Cl_2(OH)_6.
  • 摘要：In this study, plasma nitriding was carried out on pure titanium film coated 2024 Al alloy to improve its surface mechanical property. Ti film with the thickness of 3.0 mm was firstly fabricated by means of magnetron sputtering method. Then, the Ti coated specimen was subjected to plasma atmosphere comprising 40% N2e60% H2 at 430 C for 8 h. The microstructures of the nitrided specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness tester and pin-on-disc tribometer were used to test the mechanical properties of the untreated and nitrided specimen. The results showed that the surface of the nitrided specimen was composed of three layers(i.e. the outside nitride Ti N0.3layer, the middle Al3 Ti layer and the inside Al18Ti2Mg3 layer). The surface hardness and wear resistance of 2024 Al alloy were increased simultaneously by duplex treatment. The untreated specimen exhibited severe adhesive wear while the nitrided one behaved in middle abrasive wear.
  • 摘要：Well-dispersed uniform SrMoO_4 nanocrystals were synthesized by thermal decomposition of a metalorganic salt in the organic solvent under different temperatures(80, 100, 120, 140, and 160?C). The smallest diameter of these SrMoO_4 nanocrystals is only about 2 nm, which is regarded as the smallest values to date. The UV–vis absorbance spectra present that the larger absorption of our samples is mainly distributed in the visible light region and UV light region. The lowest energy gap is found to be 2.71 e V.Such a small gap is ascribed to the introduction of intermediate energy levels, which are due to the surface defects with decreasing the size of nanostrcutrues. The photoluminescence measurement suggests that all these samples exhibit a board and strong emission band in the range from 500 to 700 nm. Through the deconvolution of the photoluminescence spectra, the emission profiles are found to be associated with three various components(green, yellow, and red). Moreover, the photodegration of methyl blue over our SrMoO_4 samples reaches nearly 100% in 120 min. Such a high photodegration may be related to the following aspects. One is related to the size and morphology. Larger surface area leads to more absorption of methyl blue, and the small size nanoparticles lead to the efficient separation of these photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The other is related to the narrow band gap. The small gap is beneficial to more electrons to be excited from the valence band to the conduction band, and eventually more electron-hole pairs are created. Our investigations clearly suggest that thermal decomposition of one metal-organic salt in organic solvent will be a good choice to synthesize the nanoparticles with small size and uniform distribution. Our results also indicate that these SrMoO_4 nanoparticles possibly have great potential utilities in photocatalysts.
  • 摘要：Benefiting from strong redox ability,improved charge transport,and enhanced charge separation,Zscheme heterostructures of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) based photocatalysts have received considerable interest to tackle energy needs and environmental issues.The present review highlights the properties of ZnIn_(2)S_(4),which make it a promising photocatalyst,and a suitable combination with oxidation photocatalyst to form Zscheme,leading to improve their photocatalytic properties dramatically.As the central part of this review,various types of Z-scheme heterojunction developed recently based on ZnIn_(2)S_(4) and their application in pollutant degradation,water splitting,CO_(2) reduction,and toxic metals remediation.Some analytical techniques to detect or trap the active radical and study the charge separation and lifetime of charge carriers in these Z-schemes are highlighted.This review offers its readers a broad optical window for the structural architecture of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based Z-schemes,photocatalytic activity,stability,and their technological applications.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities for further development on Z-Scheme ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based photocatalysts toward energy and environmental applications based on the recent progress.
  • 摘要：The tribological properties of AlCoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5) high entropy alloys under gear oil and multiply alkylated cyclopentanes(MACs)lubrication condition have been studied.The equiaxed crystal structure of AlCoCrFeNi alloy is obtained after heat-treatment.The AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5) alloy keeps dendrite structure.Under the gear oil with good lubrication action,AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5) alloy preserves better tribological properties than AlCoCrFeNi alloy.The delamination and crack behaviors tend to occur in the grain boundary of AlCoCrFeNi alloy and along the interdendrite region of AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5) alloy.Under the MACs with relatively poor lubrication action,the applied load slightly influences the wear behavior of AlCoCrFeNi alloy,but seriously impacts the wear mechanism of AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5) alloy.Compared with AlCoCrFeNi alloy,AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5) alloy keeps better wear-resistance at low applied load of 100 N,but preserves less wearresistance at high applied load of 200 N.
  • 摘要：Magnesium(Mg) alloys are receiving increasing attention for body implants owing to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, they often suffer from bacterial infections on account of their insufficient antibacterial ability. In this study, ZK60-x Cu(x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 wt%) alloys were prepared by selective laser melting(SLM) with alloying copper(Cu) to enhance their antibacterial ability.Results showed that ZK60-Cu alloys exhibited strong antibacterial ability due to combination of release of Cu ions and alkaline environment which could kill bacteria by destroying cellular membrane structure,denaturing enzymes and inhibiting deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) replication. In addition, their compressive strength increased due to grain refinement and uniformly dispersing of short-bar shaped MgZnCu phases. Moreover, ZK60-Cu alloys also exhibited good cytocompatibility. In summary, ZK60-Cu alloys with antibacterial ability may be promising implants for biomedical applications.
  • 摘要：The mechanical properties of complex concentrated alloys(CCAs)depend on their formed phases and corresponding microstructures.The data-driven prediction of the phase formation and associated mechanical properties is essential to discovering novel CCAs.The present work collects 557 samples of various chemical compositions,comprising 61 amorphous,167 single-phase crystalline,and 329 multiphases crystalline CCAs.Three classification models are developed with high accuracies to category and understand the formed phases of CCAs.Also,two regression models are constructed to predict the hardness and ultimate tensile strength of CCAs,and the correlation coefficient of the random forest regression model is greater than 0.9 for both of two targeted properties.Furthermore,the Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)values are calculated,and accordingly four most important features are identified.A significant finding in the SHAP values is that there exists a critical value in each of the top four features,which provides an easy and fast assessment in the design of improved mechanical properties of CCAs.The present work demonstrates the great potential of machine learning in the design of advanced CCAs.
  • 摘要：Here,an agricultural waste(the stem pith of helianthus annuus,SPHA)is firstly used as the precursor for preparing three-dimensional(3D)porous carbon sponge(PCS).The as-prepared 3D PCS(SPHA-700)possesses unique sponge-like structure,large specific surface area(SSA)and high nitrogen doping level(4.52 at.%),which benefit the enhancement of conductivity(5.8 S cm;)and wettability.As a binder-free electrode for solid-state symmetric supercapacitor,SPHA-700 delivers a relatively high specific capacitance of137.1 F g^(-1)at 0.5 Ag^(-1).Moreover,activated SPHA-700(SPHA-ac-700–2)displays an even higher specific capacitance(403.6 F g^(-1)at 0.5 Ag^(-1))in 6.0 M KOH electrolyte.The SPHA-ac-700–2-based symmetrical supercapacitor can offer high specific capacitance(271 F g^(-1)at 1 Ag^(-1))and good rate capability(82.1%of capacitance retention at 1–80 Ag^(-1))in 6.0 M KOH electrolyte,together with high energy density(23.3 Wh kg^(-1)at 450 W kg^(-1))in 1.0 M Na_(2)SO_(4)electrolyte.Such excellent performance of SPHA-ac-700–2 is believed to have originated from the crushed sponge-like structure,O/N-co-doping(10.6 at.%O and3.3 at.%N),high SSA,large total pore volume,and hierarchical pore structure.
  • 摘要：Comparative experiments were conducted to reveal the removal behaviors of three kinds of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics during polishing and the effects of ceramic microstructure on the surface quality were also reported. Experimental results show that the second phase in SiC ceramics plays an important role in the surface quality when its size is large enough. The surface quality is enslaved to the formation of steps at interfaces between second phase and SiC matrix that results from different elastic modulus and hardness between two phases. Under 3 μm abrasive grains polishing condition, different SiC ceramics show different removal mechanisms. With decreasing abrasive grain size, all of different SiC ceramics exhibit a ductile removal mode, which decreases surface roughness efficiently.
  • 摘要：In this paper,graphite-like carbon(GLC)films with Cr buffer layer were fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering technique with the thickness ratio of Cr to GLC films varying from 1:2 to 1:20.The effect of Cr/GLC modulation ratio on microstructure,mechanical and tribological properties in artificial seawater was mainly investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),nano-indenter and a reciprocating sliding tribo-meter.The propagation of defects plays an important role in the evolution of delamination,which is critical to wear failure of GLC films in artificial seawater.Designing the proper multilayer structure could inhibit the defects propagation and thus protect the basis material.The multilayer Cr/GLC film with optimized ratio of 1:3 demonstrates a low average friction coefficient of 0.08±0.006 and wear rate of(2.3±0.3)×10^(-8)mm^3/(N m)in artificial seawater,respectively.
  • 摘要：Cu_2O@Cu sub-microspheres composites with a narrow particle size distribution from 300 to 500 nm was successfully fabricated by one-step synthesis through the direct thermal decomposition of copper nitrate(Cu(NO_3)_2) in octadecylamine(ODA) solvent. As anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the Cu_2 O@Cu composites obviously possess high specific capacity, excellent cyclic stability and rate capability. The coulombic efficiency is about 84% in the 1 st cycle and increases significantly up to 97.8% during successive cycles at various current densities. Even under a high current density of 500 m A g^(-1), the discharge capacity of Cu_2 O@Cu composites remains up to 200 m Ah g^(-1). The excellent electrochemical properties are ascribed to the synergistic effect between high electronic conductivity and volume-buffering capacity of metallic copper composited with Cu_2 O.
  • 摘要：In this work, we make the best use of the vanadium element; a series of Al–V–B alloys and VB2/A390 composite alloys were fabricated. For Al–10V–6B alloy, the grain size of VB2 can be controlled within about 1 μm and is distributed uniformly in the Al matrix. Further, it can be found that VB2 promises to be a useful reinforcement particle for piston alloy. The addition of VB2 can improve the mechanical properties of the A390 composite alloys significantly. The results show that with 1% VB2 addition, A390 composite alloy exhibits the best performance. Compared with the A390 alloy, the coefficient of thermal expansion is 13.2 × 10-6K-1, which decreased by 12.6%; the average Brinell hardness can reach 156.5 HB, wear weight loss decreased by 28.9% and ultimate tensile strength at 25 °C(UTS25 °C) can reach 355 MPa, which increased by 36.5%.
  • 摘要：In this paper,a novel Cu-1.5 Ni-1.1 Co-0.6 Si-0.1 Cr(wt.%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed.After aging,excellent properties of 857±12 MPa yield strength,300±8 HV microhardness,42.8±2.5%IACS conductivity,and 7±0.5%elongation were obtained.According to the atomic structure,part of Ni atoms in Ni_(2)Si can be replaced by Co atoms to form nano-precipitates(Ni,Co)_(2)Si.The alloy’s high strength and conductivity are mainly attributed to the fine and uniformly distributed(Ni,Co)_(2)Si and Cr nano precipitates.The alloy strength was also enhanced by twins,dislocations,and grain refining strengthening.Based on the investigations of deformation microstructure and the orientation relationship between the(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates and the Cu matrix,the main reason for elongation increase is attributed to the formation of deformation twins and the small lattice mismatch strain at the coherent interfaces of precipitates and the Cu matrix.
  • 摘要：In the past decade, the sudden rise of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) has become a research hotspot in the domain of metal materials. HEAs break through the design concept of traditional single-principal element alloys, and the four core effects, especially the high entropy and cocktail effects, make HEAs exhibit much better corrosion resistance than traditional corrosion-resistant metal materials, e.g., stainless steels, copper-nickel alloys, and high-nickel alloys. Currently, the corrosion resistance of HEAs causes great concern in the field of corrosion research. This article reviews the corrosion behavior and mechanism of HEAs in various aqueous solutions, revealing the correlation among the composition, microstructure and corrosion resistance of HEAs, and elaborates the influence of heat treatment, anodizing treatment and preparation methods on the corrosion behavior of HEAs. This knowledge will benefit the on-demand design of corrosion-resistant HEAs, which is an important trend of future development. Finally, perspectives regarding the corrosion research of HEAs are outlined to guide future studies.

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