基于固定分簇和能量均衡的无线传感器网络多跳路由算法

摘要

通过分析无线传感器网络中LEACH协议的优缺点,提出了一种节点在随机部署情况下构建能量负载均衡的多跳路由协议.首先对随机部署的传感器节点采用遗传模拟退火算法进行分簇,并计算每个簇的聚类中心.每个簇中节点的能量高于本簇的平均能量的节点率先成为候选簇首节点,候选簇首节点根据距离本簇内聚类中心的距离来竞争簇首.在簇间路由阶段,采用最短路径进行多跳路由.仿真结果表明:新方案能够改善LEACH协议中因为簇首分布不均匀而引起的“能量热点”问题,从而平衡无线传感器网络的能量负载均衡,进而延长网络的生命周期.%By analyzing advantages and disadvantages of LEACH protocol in wireless sensor networks,an energybalance multi-hop routing protocol is proposed for the nodes are randomly deployed in the area.Firstly,the sensor nodes are clustered by genetic simulated annealing algorithm and then calculate the cluster center of each cluster.If the energy of node is higher than the average energy of the cluster,it will become the candidate cluster head node,and then the candidate cluster head node competes for cluster head according to distance to cluster center.In the cluster routing stage,using multi-hop to transfer data to the sink based on the shortest path.Simulation results show that the new scheme can improve ‘energy hotspot’ caused by the uneven distribution of cluster head in LEACH protocol,thus can balance the energy load of wireless sensor networks and extend the networks lifecycle.