密植果园开沟施肥机开沟刀片设计与试验

摘要

Ditching fertilization is one of the important links of fruit planting,which is done artificially with large labor intensity but low efficiency,failing to satisfy the requirement of high quality fertilization for modern orchard.The disc-type ditcher is a kind of continuous earth-moving machinery followed by the chain ditcher,which is characterized by high efficiency and convenient operation,and widely used in the farmland water construction and orchard ditching fertilization,etc.But the existing ditching blade has the problems of large power consumption and poor stability of ditch depth.A sine-exponential curve ditching blade was designed through analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of existing blade,using the rotary tillage theory and experimental analysis.Through the analysis of tractor forward speed,rotating speed of the cutter,as well as the influence of their interaction on power consumption and ditch depth stability,the optimal working parameters of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade were as following:tractor forward speed was 1 m/s,rotating speed of cutter was 200 r/min.The optimal structure parameters of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade were determined through the three-factor four-level orthogonal test with bending angle and bending radius in B and bending angle in C of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade as impact factors,and power consumption and groove depth stability as response value:bending angle in B was 95°,bending angle in C was 140°,and bending radius was 9 mm.Through comparing the sine-exponential curve ditching blade with existing blade,it was showed that under the same working parameters and ditching depth,the power consumption of the sine-exponential curve ditching blade was decreased by 3.29 kW and ditching depth stability was increased by 8.83 percentage points compared with the existing blade.Index of the technical specifications for the sine-exponential curve type ditching blade is higher than the national standard.The research results provided a theoretical basis for the sineexponential curve type furrowing blade optimization design.%针对现有开沟刀片在密植果园开沟施肥过程中存在功率消耗大、沟深稳定性差的问题,运用旋耕理论和试验分析的方法,设计了一种正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片.通过分析拖拉机前进速度、刀盘转速以及二者相互作用对功率消耗和沟深稳定性的影响,确定了正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片工作参数的最佳组合为:拖拉机前进速度1 m/s,刀盘转速为200 r/min.以正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片B处弯曲角、弯曲半径、C处弯曲角为影响因子,以功率消耗和沟深稳定性为响应值,通过三因素四水平正交试验,确定了正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片结构参数的最佳组合为:B处弯曲角为95°,C处弯曲角为140°,弯曲半径为9mm.对正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片和现有开沟刀片进行对比试验,结果表明:在工作参数和开沟深度相同的条件下,正弦指数曲线型开沟刀片比现有开沟刀片功率消耗下降3.29 kW,沟深稳定性提高8.83个百分点,各项技术指标均达到了国家相关标准的技术要求.