针对现有高架栽培中的基质摊铺作业仅靠人工完成、劳动量极大等现状,设计了集基质运送、箱内出料、双侧分料落料和均匀摊填为一体的高架栽培配套基质自动移动摊铺机.根据栽培高架设施结构参数和基质流动特性测定结果,提出了基于少量人工操控介入的自动作业式基质架间双侧浮动移动摊铺方案,并设计了箱内折弯出料机构、双侧落料与架上摊平机构等关键部件,解决了箱内基质向上均匀出料及出料-排料协调难题,并实现了对高架竖直方向较大尺寸误差的补偿.完成了参数定型和样机开发,并进行了性能试验验证.试验结果表明,该机实现了330 m2/h的双侧4槽基质精量摊铺作业,能满足100 mm高度误差的仿形作业,4个槽内基质深度相对误差仅分别为7.72％、6.75％、9.33％和9.66％,各槽内基质深度平均误差仅2.01 mm,达到较好的4槽基质平均和均匀摊铺效果.该机为实现高架栽培的机械化配套作业提供了装备支持.%To replace the high-intensitive manual paving work of substrate for elevated cultivation,an automatic mobile paver was developed.This paver can realize the integration operation of inter-row substrate transporting,in-bin upward discharging,double-sided blanking and evenly paving.It was found by measurement that inter-row road was too narrow to vehicle driving.And both width of inter-row road and height of elevated cultivation bed had fairly big errors,so profiling paving operation was necessary.It was found from test of substrate flow characteristic that static accumulation angle of the substrate was about 37° and the sliding angle was about 40°,it was easy to cause conical piling in binning operation,arching in in-bin discharging operation and blocking when filling into bed.Therefore,an integrated automatic mobile substrate paver with tiny telecontrolled intervention was developed to fulfill the task of mobile double-sided floating paving operation for elevated cultivation.The in-bin L-type scraper upward discharging unit,double-sided floating blanking unit,bed-edge profiling paving unit and other key components were designed,and parameter optimization of key components,parameter matching and motion coordination of different components were performed.Test results indicated that this prototype can enter the inter-row road and start mobile double-sided paving by remote control,and then perform all coordinated actions automatically.It can guarantee the compensation of 100 mm height error and 40 mm width error of cultivation bed in double-sided profiling paving,and the working efficiency reached 330 m2/h.Relative errors of in-bed substrate depth were 7.72％,6.75％,9.33％ and 9.66％,respectively,and substrate depth difference among four beds was only 2.01 mm,which indicated that equational and stable paving was achieved.This development may provide a good equipment support for mechanized production of elevated cultivation.
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