基于人地关系的黄淮海平原土地整治策略

摘要

为了整体优化土地利用，解决当前土地供需矛盾，该文基于人类活动和土地利用环境两个子系统，从人口分布、人口迁移、生产环境、生计环境、生活环境、生态环境6个方面构建人地关系综合评价指标体系，利用熵值法确定权重并计算出各县域综合评价分值，采用人地协调发展度模型测算各县市区人类活动与土地利用环境的协调发展度，根据测算结果将黄淮海平原划分为4种整治类型。研究表明，将人地协调发展度＞0.60～0.80的县市区划分为良好协调发展类，即优化整治型；人地协调发展度＞0.40～0.60的县市区划为勉强协调发展类，即优先整治型；人地协调发展度＞0.20～0.40的县市区划为轻度失调衰退类，即重点整治型；人地协调发展度0～0.20的县市区划为重度失调衰退类，即适度整治型。同时结合区域人地系统协调发展现状和土地综合整治内涵提出与各类型对应的整治策略。研究结果符合实际，为黄淮海平原制定土地整治规划提供科学决策依据。%The change in the needs of human development produces new requirements on the land-use environment. The contradictions of the man and earth relationship are significant. Land consolidation improves and controls the land-use environment through artificial means for satisfying the needs of human development. It is an important means for optimizing the land-use system and coordinating the man-earth relationship. However, there are few reports about land consolidation from the point of view of the man-earth relationship. With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the conflicts of land supply and demand are significant in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. This conflict must be solved by optimizing land-use overall, so the beginning of land consolidation is very necessary in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. In order to instruct land consolidation and coordinate the man-earth relationship, this paper took the 311 counties in the area around Huang-Huai-Hai Plain as research units, and proposed a classification model for the coordinated developmental of the man-earth relationship on the evaluation index system. First, based on the human activity and land-use environment, this paper established an evaluation index system of the man-earth relationship. 18 factors of the evaluation index system were selected from the population distribution, population migration, production environment, livelihood environment, domestic environment, and ecological environment. Then, the entropy method was employed to attach weight to the factors, and computed the total values of counties through the weight. Finally, the coordinated developmental model was employed to calculate the evaluation values of counties on the basis of total values. According to the evaluation values, the classification of land consolidation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was divided into four types, including the optimal consolidation type, the prior consolidation type, the key consolidation type, and the moderate consolidation type. Meanwhile, the land consolidation strategies in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were proposed, based on the result of classification and the meaning of land consolidation. For optimal consolidation, its coordinated developmental degree was between 0.60 and 0.80. It was the classification of good coordination development, its suitable consolidation strategy was focused on consolidating construction land, and optimizing the livelihood environment, domestic environment, and the ecological environment. For prior consolidation, its coordinated developmental degree was between 0.40 and 0.60. It was the classification of marginal coordination development, its suitable consolidation strategy was focused on consolidating construction land in the urbanization leading model and coordinating the production environment and the livelihood environment. For key consolidation, its coordinated developmental degree was between 0.20 and 0.40. It was the classification of light disorder and recession, and its suitable consolidation strategy was focused on consolidating the village and agricultural land, and coordinating the production environment and the domestic environment. For moderate consolidation, its coordinated developmental degree was between 0 and 0.20. It was the classification of serious disorder and recession, and its suitable consolidation strategy was focused on consolidating the agricultural land and improving the production environment. For the first time, this paper quantified the human needs and analyzed land consolidation strategies from the point of the man-earth relationship. The results were in accord with local conditions, and offered theoretical support for the land consolidation planning of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. However, there were some limitations. First, the research area was plain, ignoring the terrain and geologic structure. If this research is applied in other areas, the addition of factors about terrain and geologic structure will be very important. Second, the policy factor and the will of the people played a great influence on land consolidation. Therefore, they should be considered in the planning of land consolidation in reality. Additionally,, the data of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was updated in 2008, and this affected the meaning of the practice research in time.