为进一步改善悬架系统的隔振性能，开发了被动悬架系统，将理想天棚阻尼的被动实现方法应用于车辆悬架系统。基于“惯容-弹簧-阻尼”机械系统，构造被动天棚阻尼悬架系统，研制被动天棚阻尼悬架试验样机，将2级串联型的被动天棚阻尼悬架“对折”，安装于试验用裸车的后部，替换原被动悬架，在四通道轮胎耦合道路模拟机上，对整车进行台架试验。试验结果表明：与传统被动悬架车辆相比，在1～3 Hz频率范围内，被动天棚阻尼悬架车辆左后车身加速度增益下降了37.5%，车辆质心垂直加速度均方根值下降12%左右，改善了车辆的低频频响特性，提高了车辆的乘坐舒适性。试验结果同时也验证了理想天棚阻尼被动实现方法的正确性和可行性。该研究为含惯容器的新型被动悬架系统的设计与完善提供参考。%In recent years, the inerter was used to different mechanical vibration networks to improve the vibration isolation performance. In order to improve the vehicle suspension system’s performance of vibration isolation and develop passive suspension system, the suspension system with inerter was studied. A passive realization method was presented for ideal skyhook damping to solve the technical problem in connecting the damper with the inertial reference system. This method took use of the anti-resonance phenomenon in the inerter-spring-mass system. The passive realization method of ideal skyhook damping was applied to the vehicle suspension system. Based on the inerter-spring-damper mechanical system, a passive skyhook damping suspension system with inerter was proposed, which could achive the main function of the ideal skyhook damping suspension.There was two -stage structure in the passive skyhook damping suspension system. The first stage had a coil spring and a damper in parallel, the same as the conventional passive suspension. The second stage had a coil spring, a damper and an inerter in parallel which could realize the ideal skyhook damping performance. The experimental prototype of passive skyhook damping suspension was designed and installed to the back of the test vehicle instead of the conventional passive suspension. The two-stage series passive skyhook damping suspension needed more vertical space when installed to the vehicle than the conventional passive suspension. So it was not suitable for the car. In order to solve the problem, the two-stage series suspension was folded in half to reduce the total height. Then the improved suspension was installed to the test vehicle with a rocker arm. The rocker arm was an equal armed lever which could change the direction of force but not change the magnitude. The test system was designed based on the MTS 320 type simulator with four-channel road coupled by tire. A gyroscope was used to acquire the body vertical, pitch and roll acceleration signal. Two PCB acceleration sensors were used to acquire the left rear body vertical acceleration and the left rear wheel vertical acceleration signals. Frequency response characteristics test of rear suspension, bump pulse response test, random excitation response test were carried out. And the test results were compared to the conventional passive suspension in order to verify the characteristics of the passive skyhook damping suspension. The test results of frequency response characteristics of rear suspension showed that the resonant peak value of the left rear body vertical acceleration was reduced by 35.7%within the frequency of 1-3 Hz. At the same time, the left rear wheel vertical acceleration had no significant deterioration. The test results of bump pulse response showed that the peak-to-peak values of body vertical acceleration, body pitch acceleration and left rear wheel vertical acceleration were reduced by 7.52%, 11.82%and 31.48%respectively. The test results of random excitation response showed that the power spectral densities of body vertical, body pitch, body roll, left rear body vertical and left rear wheel vertical acceleration were reduced obviously within the frequency of 1-3 Hz. In different roads the root mean square (RMS) of body vertical acceleration was reduced by about 12% with different speeds. The RMS of body pitch, body roll, and left rear wheel vertical acceleration were all reduced by no more than 10%. It was shown from the test results that the low frequency response characteristics of vehicle could be improved by the proposed passive skyhook damping suspension. Meanwhile, the vertical, pitch and roll vibration of vehicle body within the frequency of 1-3 Hz could be inhibited obviously. So, the vehicle performance of ride comfort could be improved markedly. Compared with the conventional passive suspension, the passive skyhook damping suspension had better performance. The test results also indicated that the passive realization method of ideal skyhook damping was correct and feasible. The conclusion provides an important reference for the investigation of new passive suspension system with inerter.
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