目的：探讨神经胶质细胞源性的神经营养因子（GDNF）、其受体GFRα1和原癌基因RET在先天性直肠肛门畸形肠壁组织中的表达及意义。方法收集经手术治疗的直肠肛门畸形患者12例，男8例，女4例，年龄3 d~2岁，高位无肛2例，中位无肛4例，低位无肛6例。采用免疫组织化学和逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）分别检测12例患儿肠壁盲端组织和距离盲端3 cm处的组织标本中RET、GDNF和GFRα1的表达。结果高、中、低位无肛患儿盲端标本中均缺乏神经节细胞，且RET、GDNF和GFRα1在盲端中均未见表达；距离盲端3 cm处，高、中、低位无肛组织中有神经节细胞，存在RET、GDNF和GFRα1的表达，中、低位无肛组织中呈棕褐色为强阳性，而高位无肛呈淡黄色和棕黄色为弱阳性或者阳性；术后功能随访，高位无肛中1例出现污粪，1例出现稀便不能控制，无肛门失禁情况。中、低位无肛中有1例出现直肠黏膜脱出，经坐浴肛门护理好转，1例出现排气时偶有污便，其余8例术后排便功能未见异常。结论先天性直肠肛门畸形患儿的直肠末端中神经营养因子GDNF、GFRα1和RET的低表达可能与直肠肛门畸形术后排便功能不良关系密切。%Objective To evaluate the significance and expression of the GDNF/GFRα1/RET genes in distal rectum with Congenital Anorectal Malformations(ARMs) Methods Specimens were collected from resected colon which is 3 cm away to the anus and the distal of rectum in 12 ARMs patients. Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were used to test RET, GDNF and GFRα1 expression in the differ-ent site of samples with ARMs. Results Expression of ganglia and RET, GDNF and GFRα1 were all negative in distal rec-tum in 12 ARMs patients. Ganglionic cells were found in tissues 3 cm away from the anus where RET, GDNF and GFRα1 expression were also positive in those ARMs patients. Expression of RET, GDNF and GFRα1 were strong positive in middle and low imperforate anus indicated by brown color and week positive in high imperforate anus indicated by yellow color. One case of faeces contamination and one case of loose motion without anal incontinence were found in post-op follow up of high ARMs patients. By contrast, one case of rectal mucosa prolapse and one case of occasional faeces contamination which recov-ered with hip bath were found in post op follow up in middle or low ARMs. Conclusion The unsatisfactory anorectal func-tion is possibly related to the decrease or lost of neurotrophic factors (GDNF/GFRα1/RET) and ganglia in the myenteric plex-uses post plastic surgery in ARMs patients.
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