This paper, with the methods of literature and logical analysis, studies Wushu fitness functions, takes Wushu"fitness"changes to replace the changes of Wushu. From the perspective of history, the paper studies the ancient Wushu, modern Wushu, with longitudinal modern thinking, and does the horizontal study of Wushu"fitness"function transition in different periods and its development. The main conclusion: the ancient Wushu fitness had the highlight nature of fighting:the prototype of Wushu emerged with its fitness in primitive society, Wushu fitness was improved in the early period of military Wushu. Wushu Salvation thinking emerged in Modern society: Yihetuan, took Wushu to resist the evasion of foreign countries; Huo Yuanjia took Wushu to enlighten national hope. Modern Wushu highlights the dominant position: competitive Wushu, blending martial in routine being; Tai Chi having fitness ideas in its practicing theories.%文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法，对武术的健身功能进行解析，以武术“健身”性的变化代替武术的变化。从历史学的视角对古代武术、近代武术、现代武术进行纵向思考，并对武术“健身”功能在不同时期的角色转变及其发展进行横向研究。主要结论：古代武术健身凸显技击本质：原始社会出现了武术的雏形，武术健身性初现；军事武艺使得武术健身功能得以升华。近代武术健身突现救国思想：义和团，以武术抵制列强侵蚀；霍元甲，以武术点燃民族希望。现代武术健身彰显主体地位：竞技武术，寓技击于套路之中；太极拳，寄养生于拳理之中。
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