我国能源植物概况与能源型甘蔗斑茅后代前景展望

摘要

随着工业化的迅猛发展，能源危机已经成为全球所面临的急需解决的难题。生物质能源是目前开发潜力最大的可再生能源，已成为世界许多国家未来经济发展的主要动力之一。目前，虽然以粮食为原料的第1代生物质能源已在许多国家产业化生产，但基于粮食安全因素考虑，在中国无法实施。而开发以木质纤维素为原料的第2代生物质能源是当前研究热点。能源型甘蔗斑茅后代是甘蔗和斑茅的杂交后代，不但富含糖分的蔗汁可用于直接生产乙醇，同时具有生物量大，生物适应性强的特点，是一种潜力巨大的能源作物。近年来，随着甘蔗和斑茅杂交技术的瓶颈突破、分子育种鉴定和染色体核型分析技术的成熟，选育能源型斑茅蔗作为新型能源植物，可能成为未来生物质能发展的一个重要突破。%With the rapid development of industrialization, the energy crisis has become a problem of global urgent. Biomass energy, currently the most potential renewable energy, has become one of the main driving force for the future economic development of many countries in the world. At present, the first generation biofuels with grain as raw material has been used in many countries for industrial production, but considering the factors of food security, it cannot be implemented in China. The development of lignocellulose as raw material of the second generation of bioenergy is the focus of current research. Hybrid progeny of sugarcane and Erianthus arundinaceus is not only rich in sugarcane juice but also can be used directly in the production of ethanol, and, having large biomass and biological characteristics of adaptability, is a great potential for energy crops. In recent years, with the development of hybridization breeding of sugarcane and Erianthus arundinaceus, molecular marker and chromosome karyotyping technology, breeding of energy type hybrid progeny of Erianthus arundinaceus and sugarcane as a new energy plant, may become an important breakthrough of the future development of biomass energy.