Critical thinking starts from doubting and inspires from multiple perspectives, but more importantly, it concerns with making a judgments from competing views and argu-ments according to Reasonable Standards, the dividing lines of which seperates from skepticism and relativism. The nature of critical thinking and the most authoritative definitions of critical thinking all imply Reasonable Standards. Every critical thinking skill matches with a corresponding rational standard. The various critical thinking teach-ing methods also acknowledge a series of Reasonable Standards implicitly or explicitly. Reasonable Standards are the key to promote students from absolutism to evaluativism. Chinese“discretion”has something in common with critical thinking, yet the distinctive difference lies in lack of fine Reasonable Standards. To foster the thinking culture of citizens, to create the sound argumentative culture, all these cannot be separated from the basis of the Reasonable Standards.%批判性思维从怀疑出发，激发思考问题的多元视角，但它更重要的任务是依据理性标准对相互竞争的观点及其论证的相对价值做出判断。理性标准是批判性思维与怀疑主义、相对主义的分水岭；批判性思维的本质以及大多数权威的批判性思维定义都内蕴了理性标准；每一项批判性思维技能都与相应的理性标准相匹配；不同的批判性思维教学法也或隐或显地认可一系列理性标准。理性标准是让学生从绝对主义的二元论思维升华到评估主义的批判性思维的关键。中国的“明辨”虽然与西方的批判性思维有相似之处，但明显的差距在于缺少精细的理性标准。培育公民思维文化，营造健康的论证文化，都离不开理性标准这个根基。
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