航天飞行器脉动压力数值计算方法综述

摘要

Spacecraft is enduring rigorous pressure fluctuating environment at high Mach number because of the complex flow of the boundary layer. Strong vibration and noise of the instrument produced by the pressure fluctuations will reduce the reliability, which is one of the sources of flight accident. Prediction of pressure fluctuations has been investigated for a long time on theoretical analysis, numerical computation and experimental research, which plenty of achievements have been acquired. With the increasing perfection of computational fluid dynamics and computational methods of pressure fluctuations, numerical computation is gradually becoming the principal method to predict the pressure fluctuations. Based on fundamental pressure fluctuating environment, an overall review of computational methods and existing results of pressure fluctuations are carried out, which provide some reference on the development of new spacecraft.%航天飞行器以高马赫数飞行时，由于边界层的复杂流动将产生强烈的脉动压力环境。由此会引发仪器设备强烈的振动与噪声环境，从而大大降低了系统的可靠性，甚至导致飞行失败。长期以来，国内外在飞行器脉动压力预示方面开展了大量的理论分析、数值计算与试验研究，取得了一定的成果。随着计算流体力学和脉动压力计算方法的日趋成熟，数值方法正日益成为脉动压力环境预测的主要工具。针对飞行器脉动压力环境的基本特征，对目前常用的脉动压力数值计算方法和现有研究成果进行了较为全面的介绍，对新一代航天飞行器的研制提供了一定的参考依据。