上海市5岁本地和外来儿童患龋状况和口腔健康行为的调查

摘要

目的：分析上海市5岁本地和外来儿童患龋状况和口腔健康行为的差异，为设计口腔卫生服务项目和相关政策制订提供信息支持。方法采用分层等容量随机抽样方法，调查上海市共575名5岁儿童口腔健康状况，并对家长进行相关问卷调查。结果5岁乳牙患龋率为65．74％，龋均为3．35，本地儿童明显低于外来儿童（ P＜0．05）。5岁儿童龋失补充填构成比为12．57％，本地和外来儿童有显著差异（P＜0．01）。外来儿童睡前进食甜食的比例高于本地儿童（P＜0．05）。外来儿童每天刷牙2次及以上的仅占19．44％，明显低于本地儿童（P＜0．01）。从没看过牙的外来儿童比例比本地儿童更高（P＜0．01）。结论上海外来儿童患龋状况和口腔健康行为均比本地儿童差，未来需加强对外来儿童的口腔保健力度，有针对性地采取防治措施及健康教育，提高儿童口腔健康整体水平。%Objective To analyze the dental caries status and oral health behavior of 5-year⁃old local and migrant children in Shanghai, and to provide information supports for designing oral health care programs and making relevant policies. Methods By using equal⁃sized stratified randomly sampling method, this survey was carried out on the oral health status of 575 children aged 5 in Shanghai. Parents were investigated by questionnaire. Results The prevalence of caries among 5⁃year⁃old children was 65.74%, mean DMFT score was 3.35, and the prevalence of local children was obviously lower than migrant children (P<0.05). The caries filling constituent ratio was 12.57%, and there was a significant difference between migrant and local children( P<0.01) . Compared with local children, more migrant children took sweet snacks before sleep ( P<0.05) . Only 19.44% of migrant children brushed their teeth twice or more daily, which was significantly lower than local children ( P<0.01) . The percentage of migrant children who had never visited a dentist was higher than that of local children (P<0.01). Conclusions The dental caries status and oral health behavior of migrant children are obviously worse than local children in Shanghai. To promote children’ s oral health further, it is necessary to strengthen public oral health services for migrant children, take preventive measures and target health education at migrant groups in the future.