胸腹部有限元模型的建立及碰撞生物力学分析

摘要

Automotive frontal crashes can cause injuries ranging from every part of human body, especially for the thorax and abdomen. The paper develops a finite model for thorax and abdomen of Chinese 50th percentile male to study the biomechanical response under frontal impact and analyzes the stress-time and strain-time characteristics. Quantitative results of the deflection curve indicate that frontal impact leads to large deflection and stress which will damage the ribs, lung, soft tissue and other organs, which suggests that solutions can be found to improve the automotive impact safety based on the biomechanical response during automotive impact.%汽车碰撞会对人体各个部位造成损伤,尤其是胸部和腹部.基于中国50百分位成年男性尺寸,本文建立了胸腹部汽车碰撞有限元模型,并进行了正面碰撞实验.实验结果表明,在碰撞的初期短时间内,人体组织产生很大的应力和应变,这将导致肋骨骨折、脏器破裂、软组织挫伤等损害.因此,可根据碰撞过程中人体组织的应力应变曲线、应力集中部位等对人体进行针对性的防护,减轻碰撞对人体组织造成的损伤,有效提高碰撞安全性.