电子设备射流送风冷却特性试验研究

摘要

射流送风是载人航天器密封舱内电子设备冷却的一种有效方式,具有简单可靠、系统质量轻、换热系数大等优点.文章对中国载人航天器密封舱内2台大功耗电子设备射流送风冷却特性进行了试验研究,分析了射流风量、送风孔数、表面状态对设备平衡温度的影响.利用不超过0.4m3/min的风量,可将热流密度为315.8W/m2的设备温度控制在50℃以下,验证了采用射流送风解决大功耗电子设备散热的可行性.在满足电子设备工作温度要求的前提下,可通过增加射流送风孔数来有效降低射流送风系统阻力.采用电子设备黑色阳极氧化等提高表面发射率的措施,能够显著降低电子设备工作温度.%Air jet impinging can provide enhanced cooling of avionics in pressurized module of manned spacecraft with many advantages, such as high simplicity and reliability, low system weight and high heat transfer coefficient.Heat transfer characteristics of impinging air jet for cooling two high-power avionics devices in China manned spacecraft pressurized module are investigated experimentally.The effects of air flow rate, orifice number and surface state on the avionics equilibrium temperature are analyzed.The equilibrium temperature of avionics with 315.8 W/m2 heat flux density can be maintained to lower than 50℃ by 0.4m3/min air jet impinging volumetric flow rate.The feasibility of cooling high-power avionics by air jet impinging is testified.The air jet impinging system pressure drop can be reduced effectively by increasing orifice numbers.The avionics work temperature can be reduced markedly by improving avionics surface emissivity,such as black anodization.