航天器热控单相流体回路水击效应仿真研究

摘要

Based on the potential paralysis from water hammer to the pipes and facilities of single phase fluid loop used in spacecraft,this paper proposes a mathematical model of simulation on water hammer effect by characteristics method,and establishes the boundary conditions as well as numerical methods of water hammer analysis.Aimed at a typical single phase fluid loop with parallel branches,the transient state water hammer effect in different conditions are analyzed, the relationship between the action of valves and water hammer effect is obtained.The simulating results demonstrate that the order and interval of valves'action will cause varying degrees of wa-ter hammer.Thus a method to avoid the water hammer by closing upstream valve first or opening downstream valve first and increasing the interval of valves'action is proposed.It can provide reference for the reliability design of single phase fluid loop for spacecraft.%针对航天器单相流体回路水击效应对设备及管路的危害,文章基于特征线法提出了水击效应仿真的数学模型,建立相关边界条件和数值计算方法,对一种含并联支路的单相流体回路在阀门闭合工况进行了瞬态水击仿真分析,得到了阀门动作与水击效应之间的关系和规律.分析表明:回路中阀门关闭的顺序与时间间隔会引起不同程度的水击.为此,提出流体回路先关闭上游或先开启下游阀门、同时增大阀门动作的间隔时间以抑制水击风险的方法,可为航天器单相流体回路可靠性设计提供参考.