载人航天器主动热控系统流体回路的轻量化设计

摘要

The mathematical and physical models of heat transfer and weight for the thermal control system of manned spacecraft are set up. With the models, the lightweight design of the fluid loops of the thermal control system is analyzed, and in- fluences of related parameters on the optimization results are discussed. It is found that with given heat load, there ex- ist best values for the structure parameters and the number of pipes in the thermal radiator, which would lead to the minimum weight of the system. Furthermore, the optimal number of pipes in the thermal radiator would decrease with the increase in heat transfer area of the thermal radiator. With given heat transfer area, the optimal weight of the sys- tem and the optimal number of pipes in the thermal radiator both enhance with the increase in heat load of the system.%建立载人航天器热控系统内各组成部分传热和质量的数学物理模型,对热控流体回路进行轻量化设计,并讨论相关参数对优化结果的影响。研究发现,在回路散热任务给定时,回路各组成部分的结构参数和辐射器内的散热管道数都存在最佳值,在该值下回路系统质量达到最轻。随着辐射器散热面积的增加,最优的辐射器内散热管道数减少;在给定辐射器散热面积时,当回路散热任务增加时,回路最优设计质量和辐射器内的最优管道数均增加。