微生物发酵对香菇菌糠饲料品质的影响

摘要

本文以木腐香菇菌糠为基质,探讨了微生物发酵对香菇菌糠饲料品质的影响.试验共设4个处理:①CK,100％香菇菌糠；②T1,99％香菇菌糠+0.5％乳酸菌液；③T2,99％香菇菌糠+0.5％酵母菌液(T2)；④T3,99％香菇菌糠+0.5％乳酸菌液+0.5％酵母菌液(T3).厌氧发酵15 d后测定它的饲料物理参数、发酵特性和化学特性.结果表明,相比对照(CK),微生物发酵会提高香菇菌糠的饲料物理和发酵参数.在化学特性方面,微生物发酵处理会降低香菇菌糠的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和可溶性碳水化合物的含量,但粗蛋白含量却明显提高,混菌发酵处理(T3)比对照提高25％.就氨基酸组成与含量而言,微生物发酵不会改变香菇菌糠氨基酸的组成,但明显提高它的氨基酸含量,T3处理比对照提高29％.发酵香菇菌糠中含量最高的必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸分别是缬氨酸和谷氨酸.就本实验4种不同处理方式对香菇菌糠饲料品质各相关指标的影响程度而言,以酵母菌和乳酸菌的混菌发酵处理(T3)的影响最大,效果最好.本研究结果表明,微生物发酵有利于提高香菇菌糠的储藏特性和饲料品质.%A study was conducted to improve the feeding values of saw-dust based spent Lentinula edodes substrate (SLES) via microbial inoculation.The SLES was ensiled with 0.5 ％ (v/w) lactic acid bacteria (LAB,Lactobacillus plantarum) or 0.5 ％ (v/w) yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for 15 days.Four treatments were made including 100 ％ SLES (control),99 ％ SLES + 0.5 ％ LAB (T1),99 ％SLES + 0.5 ％ yeast (T2),and 99 ％ SLES + 0.5 ％ LAB + 0.5 ％ yeast (T3).The addition of microbes to the SLES improved most of the physical parameters,fermentation parameters compared to the control experiments.The results showed that for the chemical parameters,microbial-blending to SLES decreased most of the chemical parameters such as neutral detergent fiber (NDF),acid detergent fiber (ADF) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) except for the crude protein (CP),and compared to the CK,T3 treatment increased 25 ％of the CP.Compared to the Raw,any ensile fermentation treatments would increase SLES amino acids,and microbial inoculants to the SLES could increase the total amount of amino acids further.T3 treatment increased the 29 ％ of the amino acids content compared with CK.And the most abundant component of essential-amino acid and non-essential amino acid were valine and glutamate,respectively.Among the four ensile treatments,the impact of the addition of 0.5 ％ LAB and 0.5 ％ yeast (T3) on the SLES storage and feeding value was the greatest one (P ＜ 0.05).In conclusion,microbial inoculation improved ensiling and feeding values of SLES.