里氏木霉产纤维素酶的研究及其应用进展

摘要

Organic carbon is one of the major matters for accelerating the driving of nitrogen cycle,assisting in degradation of toxic ni-trogen pollution in culture water as well as maintaining culture water. As one of the most widespread and abundant renewable re-sources,cellulose can hydrolyzeβ-1, 4-glucosidic linkages in cellulose into glucose or other soluble sugar and is the organic carbon in aquaculture. The cellulase produced by Trichoderma reesei is an extracellular enzyme,which is famous for its high production,good stability and adaptability. T. reesei is the most widely studied cellulolytic fungus. The paper reviews the structure,composition and en-zyme mechanism of the related cellulase in T. reesei,introduces researches on its reconstruction of artificial breeding and genetic engi-neering,so as to put forward the prospects of its application in industries of food,textile,feed,agriculture and so on.%有机碳是加快驱动氮循环的最主要物质之一，协助降解养殖水环境中的有毒氮污染，是维护养殖水环境的重要物质。地球上分布最广、蕴藏量最丰富的可再生资源之一是纤维素，而纤维素酶能降解纤维素的β-1,4-葡萄糖苷键以生成葡萄糖或其他可溶性糖，可以作为水产养殖所用的有机碳。研究表明，里氏木霉（ Trichoderma reesei）所分泌的纤维素酶具有产酶量高、稳定性好、适应性强等优点，是目前应用最为广泛的纤维素酶。文章综述了里氏木霉所产纤维素酶的结构、组分及酶活机制，介绍了里氏木霉菌种人工选育及基因工程改造等研究，展望了纤维素酶在食品、纺织、饲料、农业等多种行业的应用。