有机物料施用对旱地红壤作物产量和有机质活性组分的影响

摘要

A field fertilization experiment was conducted in Jiangxi Red Soil Research Institute in 2015 to study the effects of different organic materials on crop yield and active soil organic components in order to ultimately increase crop yield and soil fertility. Seven fertilization treatments were designed, including no fertilizer(CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), chemical fertilizer reduced by 40％(RF), RF+straw(RFR), RF+biochar(RFB), RF+pig manure(RFP), RF+vermicompost(RFV). Results showed that the treatments of RF+organic materials increased crop yield compared with CF treatment in the sweet potato-rape system, significant higher rapeseed yields were obtained under RFP and RFV compared to CF(P<0.05). The contents of soil microbial biomass organic matter(MBOM), dissolved organic matter (DOM), particulate organic matter(POM) and liable oxidation organic matter(LOM) of RF+organic materials were higher than those of CF, the content of POM in rape season was significantly higher than that in sweet potato season. Correlation analysis indicated that SOM had significant positive correlations with crop yield and active organic components including MBOM, POM and LOM after two seasons of fertilization (P<0.01). Thus, organic materials replacing 40％ of chemical fertilizer is feasible in increasing crop yield and enhancing the content of soil active organic components which is very important for soil fertility improvement.%为了探讨不同有机物料施用对作物产量和土壤有机质活性组分的影响,以达到农田增产和土壤培肥的目的,本研究依托2015年在江西省红壤研究所布置的田间施肥试验,设置不施肥(CK)、常量化肥(CF)、减量化肥(RF)、减量化肥配施秸秆(RFR)、减量化肥配施生物黑炭(RFB)、减量化肥配施猪粪(RFP)、减量化肥配施蚓粪(RFV)7种不同施肥处理,研究减量化肥40％ 条件下配施不同有机物料对作物产量及耕层土壤有机质活性组分的影响.结果表明:在红薯-油菜轮作制度下,减肥配施有机物料处理的作物产量较常量化肥处理都有不同程度的增加,其中RFP、RFV处理油菜籽产量显著高于CF处理(P<0.05);减肥配施有机物料处理的土壤微生物生物量有机质(MBOM)、水溶性有机质(DOM)、颗粒性有机质(POM)、易氧化有机质(LOM)含量均高于CF处理,其中油菜季POM含量较红薯季有明显的提升;相关性分析表明,经过两季的施肥处理,SOM和有机质活性组分与作物产量均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),MBOM、POM、LOM与SOM呈极显著正相关性(P<0.01).可见,不同有机物料替代部分化肥,可以一定程度提高作物产量,更重要的是可以促进土壤有机质活性组分的提高,对于土壤培肥至关重要.