农田土壤 N2O 排放过程及硝态氮淋失简述

摘要

氮素在生态环境中具有双重功能，一方面氮是植物生长所必须的营养元素，在农业生产中，当氮素不能满足作物生长时，需要施用化肥尤其是氮肥；另一方面过多施用的化肥氮素和废弃物中的氮素会污染环境，铵态氮素会被氧化为硝态氮素，硝态氮素会形成N2 O，造成严重的环境问题。文章介绍了影响N2 O的排放机理及影响土壤硝态氮淋失的主要因素，并对N2 O排放及硝态氮淋失研究中需要加强的几个方面进行了展望。图1，参88。%Nitrogen ( N) has a dual function in the ecological environment.On the one hand , nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development in agricultural production , and supplement of nitrogen fertilizer is required when soil N can't meet the crop de-mand.On the other hand , too much application of nitrogen in fertilizer and waste will pollute the environment.Ammonium nitrogen in environment will be oxidized into nitrate nitrogen , which will be N 2 O formation resource , causing severe environmental problems.This article mainly introduced the influence of N 2 O emissions from biological processes and biological processes.At the same time , the main factors influencing soil NO 3--N leaching were summarized.Research avenues for some aspects of the N 2 O emissions and NO3--N leaching study were also discussed.