菌渣还田对土壤有效养分动态变化的影响

摘要

A field experiment was carried out in the Chengdu Plain on rice-wheat rotation pattern field to investigate the effects of different application rates of spent mushroom substrates on the variations of soil nutrient content, aimed to explore suitable mulching in the Chengdu Plain and provide a scientific basis for utilization of farming agricultural waste resource. Five treat-ments were designed according to the applied nitrogen ( N) quantities, i. e, N 24. 6 kg/hm2 ( CK) from chemical fertilizer, and N 24. 6 (T1), 36. 9 (T2), 49. 2 (T3), 61. 5 (T4) kg/hm2 from spent mushroom substrates respectively. Results showed that middling and higher application of spent mushroom substrates (T2, T3, T4) could obviously increase the con-tents of soil available N ( AN) , available P ( AP) and available K ( AK) except AP in wheat season. In the period of maturi-ty, compared with CK, for all of the T2, T3 and T4, the content of soil AN, AK and AP were increased by 3. 55% ~20. 24%, 2. 84% ~31. 97% and 2. 10% ~14. 48% respectively. Meanwhile, in the early growth stages of rice and wheat, there were risks on the nutrient supply deficiency and should apply chemical fertilizer with the spent mushroom substrates.%研究成都平原稻麦轮作模式下，不同菌渣还田处理对土壤有效养分动态变化的影响，旨在探索适宜于成都平原的菌渣还田方式，为种植业废弃物的农业资源化利用提供科学依据。在为期1年的田间定位试验中，设置常规化肥处理(CK)和4个菌渣还田处理：等氮量还田(T1)、1．5倍氮量还田(T2)、2倍氮量还田(T3)和2．5倍氮量还田(T4)，并按生育期测定不同处理下土壤速效养分含量。结果表明：与常规施肥相比，除小麦季的土壤有效磷外，中、高量菌渣还田处理( T2、 T3和T4)均能有效提高土壤速效养分含量，作物成熟期菌渣还田处理的土壤碱解氮、速效钾和水稻季有效磷含量分别比化肥处理高出3．55%~20．24%、2．84%~31．97%和2．10%~14．48%；低量菌渣还田处理(T1)无法在作物各生育期内提供与化肥等量的碱解氮，存在供氮不足的风险。