以建于1990年的湖南祁阳长期有机无机定位试验为平台,选择不施肥、 无机肥、 有机肥及有机肥化肥配施4个处理,利用高通量测序和实时荧光定量技术,研究了长期施用有机肥和无机肥祁阳红壤细菌和真菌的群落特征;利用常规分析方法,研究了土壤微生物呼吸、 酶活性和土壤基本理化性质,探索了长期施肥的土壤微生物群落结构与其功能以及土壤养分之间的关系.结果表明,长期施肥改变了土壤的pH值和养分循环;长期施用有机肥增加细菌与真菌种群丰度和多样性;单施化肥增加了真菌种群丰度与多样性,但是对细菌的种群丰度与多样性影响不大;施肥显著改变了土壤细菌与真菌的群落结构,细菌群落结构的改变显著影响土壤微生物呼吸、β-纤维素二糖水解酶以及酚氧化物酶的活性,而真菌群落的改变对微生物的功能影响不明显.本研究表明,施用有机肥不但可以缓解化肥引起的土壤酸化,还能支持更大、 更丰富的微生物群体,从而维持更高的土壤活性,对维持或提高土壤肥力具有重要意义.%The objective of this study was to explore the effects of long-term organic and inorganic on the structure and function of microbial community in red soil. Soil samples were collected from 4 treatments ( i. e. CK: no fertilizer treatment; M: organic manure treatment; NPK: chemical fertilizer treatment and NPKM: combination of organic and chemical fertilizers treatment ) in Qiyang Long-term Fertilization Experiment Station. Structure and abundance of bacterial and fungi communities were analyzed with Ion Torrent and real-time quantitative PCR ( qPCR) , respectively. Microbial respiration, soil enzymes and soil properties were also measured. Results showed that long-term application of fertilizer changed soil pH and soil properties. Application of organic fertilizers ( M and NPKM) increased abundance and diversity of bac-terial and fungi communities, while chemical fertilizer just increased abundance and diversity of fungi com-munity. Long-term application of fertilizers significantly changed the structure of bacterial and fungi commu-nities. Microbial respiration, cellobiohydrolase and phenol oxidase were significantly correlated with the structure of bacterial community but not with that of fungi community. In conclusion, application of organic fertilizer could not only alleviate the soil acidification, but also support more abundant and diverse microbial populations and consequently maintain the higher soil activity and soil fertility.
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