由《制艺丛话》看明清八股文生态

摘要

为“有裨于举业”，梁章钜《制艺丛话》对清代官方“清真雅正”之衡文标准及“以古文为时文”的倡议予以特别强调；同时，《丛话》还以丰富的资料揭示了诸如心学、考据学等学术文化思潮对八股文的浸润；展示了明清人对八股文之存废、截搭题、命意等问题的看法，并对由八股文引发的文字狱予以特别关注，这些都透示出明清八股文的生态环境。%To facilitate the examination, Liang Zhangju emphasized the official requirements for the eight⁃part essays and advocated an imitation of ancient classic writings in his Zhi Yi Cong Hua. This book also revealed the academic cultural ideological trend�s ( the theory of subjective idealism or textual criticism ) influence on the eight⁃part essays with abundant data. It also showed Ming and Qing people�s views on the�abolition and keynote or intercepted title�in the eight⁃part essays. Liang Zhangju paid particular attention to the literary inquisition caused by the eight⁃part essays. The political culture of eight⁃part essays in the Ming and Qing dynasties could be seen in this paper.