圈养及野生藏酋猴子代遗传多样性差异分析

摘要

To evaluate the genetic variation of offsprings derived from wild and cultivated populations of Macaca thibetana,we analyzed the whole sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region in the 102 individuals of 2 generations of wild (Jinyang region) and cultivated populations (Mabian region).The whole length of the region sequence was 1 091 hp and 115 variable sites were detected.The 102 individuals presented 66 haplotypes,and the 2 generations of Mabian and Jinyang population shared 2 and 1 haplotype with their parents,respectively.The nucleotide polymorphisms of the 2 generations of Mabian population were 0.004 77 and 0.004 09,while those in Jinyang population were 0.002 30 and 0.002 78,indicating no significant difference of genetic diversity occurred between the offsprings and parents of M.thibetana.Genetic distances between the 2 generations of Mabian and Jinyang populations were 0.024 09 and 0.002 55,indicating no significant differentiation happened in the 2 generations in wild or in cultivated situation.NJ tree based on the whole length of D-loop showed 2 independent clades existed in Mabian and Jinyang populations with different generations crossed each other,this demonstrated that neither the random mating nor the artificial selection pressure exerted a significant influence on the genetic structure of the progeny.This study was the first time to use the whole length of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region to analyze the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated Macaca thibetana populations and their offsprings.Our data provide basic support for the standardization of genetic control of experimental animals.%为评价圈养及野生藏酋猴Macaca thibetana子代遗传多样性的差异,本研究利用藏酋猴线粒体控制区(mtDNA D-loop)全长序列,对四川省金阳地区野生亲本及子一代、马边地区野生亲本及圈养繁殖子一代共102只个体开展了遗传结构变异分析.结果显示,藏酋猴mtDNA D-loop的序列长度为1 091 bp,包括115个变异位点,66个单倍型,其中,马边种群亲本与子一代共享2个单倍型,金阳种群亲本与子一代共享1个单倍型.马边种群2个世代个体的核苷酸多态性分别为0.004 77和0.00409;而金阳种群2个世代个体的核苷酸多态性分别为0.002 30和0.002 78,子一代与亲本的遗传多样性差异无统计学意义,均处于较低水平.马边和金阳地区子一代与亲本之间的遗传距离分别为0.024 09和0.002 55,表明圈养和野生条件下的子一代与亲本间均未出现明显的遗传分化.根据D-loop全长序列所构建的邻接(NJ)树显示,金阳或马边地区的不同世代个体在NJ树上互相交叉,未形成独有的进化支,说明无论自然条件下的随机交配还是圈养繁育的人为选择压力均没有对藏酋猴种群的遗传结构造成大的影响.本研究首次利用mtDNA D-loop全长序列分析藏酋猴野外与圈养繁殖的亲本与子一代间的遗传差异,为藏酋猴实验动物遗传控制标准化提供数据支持.