目的：调查维持性血液透析患者的营养不良风险及影响因素。方法：选取2012年11月—2012年12月长期血液透析患者42例，采用NRS-2002营养风险筛查评估法评估患者的营养不良风险状况，采用24 h膳食回顾法了解患者膳食营养摄入水平，并测定血红蛋白、白蛋白、肾功能以及电解质等生化指标。结果：42例患者中，无营养不良风险17例，有营养不良风险25例，占59.5%。无营养不良风险组的能量、蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量均高于营养不良风险组（P＜0.05）。两组血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肌酐水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。BMI与NRS-2002评分成负相关（r=-0.740，P＜0.001），膳食铁、锌、铜及维生素E与NRS-2002评分成正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：维持性血液透析患者营养不良风险的发生率较高，需要提高其膳食能量、蛋白质及碳水化合物摄入，以改善其营养不良风险。%Objective:To investigate the malnutrition risk and its influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: Forty-two cases experinced long-term hemodialysis were enrolled from November 2012 to December 2012. The malnutrition risk conditions of the patients were assessed by NRS 2002, and their dietary intake levels were analyzed by 24-hour dietary recall method. At the same time, the biochemical markers such as levels of hemoglobin and albumin, renal function and electrolytes were measured. Results: In 42 patients, 25 (59.5%) patients existed the malnutrition risk while 17 patients did not. The energy, protein level and carbohydrate intake were higher in the non-malnutrition risk group than those in the malnutrition risk group (P0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with NRS-2002 score(r=-0.740, P<0.001), and dietary iron, zinc, copper and vitamin E were positively correlated with NRS-2002 score(P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of malnutrition risk in maintenance hemodialysis patients is higher, and their dietary energy, protein and carbohydrate intake should be increased to releve their malnutrition risk.
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