工作-家庭平衡的性别陷阱——基于家庭生命周期的研究

摘要

工作-家庭平衡问题困扰着当代白领们,甚至阻碍了二孩的生育决策.本研究采用问卷法,以352位知识型员工和MBA学生为被试对象,研究家庭生命周期不同阶段及性别对工作-家庭平衡的影响.结果表明:工作-家庭冲突和增益在生命周期不同阶段存在显著差异,生育的确容易造成工作-家庭不平衡.但与传统认知不同的是性别差异只存在个别的家庭生命周期阶段中,男性的工作-家庭平衡问题在个别时期甚至比女性更为严重.该发现对政府、企业的启示在于,随着传统性别角色的弱化以及完善的福利、家庭友好等政策,减少性别歧视对于白领们平衡工作和家庭具有重要的意义.%Work-family problems plague white-collar workers, and even hinder the second child-birth. This study examined the effect of different stages of family life cycle on work-family balance and the moderating effect of gender by using a sample of 352 knowledge staffs and MBA students. It is found that family life cycle is significantly different in the effect of work-family enrichment and conflict, and fertility causes work-family imbalance. In addition, only in some stages of family life cycle exist gender differences,males even facing more work-family imbalance in some conditions. The enlightenment of this study for government and enterprises is that it important to perfect welfare and family friendly policy and reduce gender discrimination.