Objective]The objective of this study was to analyze the non-genetic and co-variable effect factors of somatic cell counts (SCC) and milk production traits of Xinjiang brown cattle, and the results of the study will supply a scientific basis for guidance of improving production performance of Xinjiang brown cattle.[Method]SAS9.2 was used to analyze the effect of herd, parity and lactation month on SCC and milk production traits as well as their regression with each other in 262 Xinjiang brown cattle in two farms. And then, with Excel 2 013 software, 1 510 dairy herd improvement (DHI) records and the SCC deviation values between adjacent two months were used to draw the figures about the distribution of SCC and their regression with milk production traits of Xinjiang brown cattle in two farms, respectively.[Result] The herd and parity had an extremely significant effect on somatic cell counts, all of the milk production traits as well (P0.05). Milk yield, fat percentages, protein percentages and sugar percentages decreased following the increase of SCC, while the total dry matters content increased. The interaction effect among herd, parity and lactation month had no effect on SCC(P>0.05). The interaction of herd and parity had an extremely significant effect on milk yield and all of the milk components (P0.05). The interaction of parity and lactation month had no effect on any trait. According to the figures of lactation curve which appeared regulations on variations of SCC deviation value and milk production traits. As the higher SCC deviation value, the lower mean of milk yield and sugar percentage. SCC difference ranking method can be used to evaluate the production of dairy cow effectively and determine the trend of mastitis. In comparison of the two farms, it was found that the second farm was better than the first farm as its higher milk production and milk components, lower SCC and the better management level.[Conclusion] In order to increase the quality and yield of milk, effective measures should be taken, such as improving milking management, hygiene and standard operation of milking facilities. In addition, SCC deviation value between two months could response the healthy condition of dairy cattle effectively, and it will avoid infecting mastitis by controlling the somatic cell counts in cows. Production management level and DHI monitoring production situation should be strengthened in the first farm to control the SCC and avoid recessive mastitis in Xinjiang brown cattle.%【目的】分析影响新疆褐牛乳中体细胞数（SCC）与产奶性状的非遗传因素，为有效指导并提高新疆褐牛的生产性能提供科学依据。【方法】构建协方差分析模型，利用SAS 9.2软件分析不同场、胎次、泌乳月及两两间互作效应等非遗传因素对262头新疆褐牛SCC与产奶性状的影响，并阐述各性状间的相互影响关系；采用Excel 2013对新疆褐牛1510条DHI数据进行整理，利用相邻两月SCC差值等级划分方法，绘制了不同牛场SCC变化趋势及其与产奶性状间的变化规律。【结果】场和胎次对新疆褐牛SCC及产奶性状均有极显著影响（P＜0.01）；泌乳月效应对产奶量和乳中SCC影响极显著（P＜0.01），对乳糖率有显著影响（P＜0.05），对其它乳成分无显著影响（P＞0.05）；不同场、胎次、泌乳月两两间互作效应对新疆褐牛SCC均无显著影响（P＞0.05），而场和胎次互作效应对产奶量和乳成分有极显著影响（P＜0.01），场和泌乳月互作对乳脂率和乳中干物质有极显著影响（P＜0.01），对乳糖率有显著影响（P＜0.05），对其它性状无显著影响（P＞0.05）；胎次和泌乳月互作效应对新疆褐牛各产奶性状均无显著影响（P＞0.05）。随着新疆褐牛乳中SCC增加，乳中干物质含量增加，而产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳糖率下降；绘制泌乳期SCC差值与产奶量和乳糖率变化曲线发现，随着SCC差值升高，产奶量及乳糖率均降低，表明使用SCC差值等级法能够有效评价奶牛产奶量变化并及时判定奶牛乳房炎的发病趋势。通过比较新疆褐牛两个牛场的产奶量、乳成分以及SCC控制情况，发现二号牛场各性状均优于一号牛场，其产奶量较高、SCC较低，且不同胎次水平的乳脂率、乳糖率及乳中干物质均较高，体现较好的生产管理水平。【结论】针对新疆褐牛非遗传因素的研究表明，为有效提高和改善该乳肉兼用牛品种的产奶性能和奶品质，应着力改善牛场管理水平、优化环境卫生及规范挤奶设备等；一号牛场应加强生产管理水平和DHI监测记录，通过控制新疆褐牛SCC来降低和避免泌乳牛的乳房炎隐患。
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